Using Accessors and Mutators in Java

One of the ways we can enforce data encapsulation is through the use of accessors and mutators. The role of accessors and mutators are to return and set the values of an objects state. Lets learn how to program accessors and mutators in Java. As an example, well use a Person class with the state and constructor already defined: Accessor Methods An accessor method is used to return the value of a private field. It follows a naming scheme prefixing the word get to the start of the method name. For example lets add accessor methods for firstname, middleNames and lastname: These methods always return the same data type as their corresponding private field (e.g., String) and then simply return the value of that private field. We can now access their values through the methods of a Person object: Mutator Methods A mutator method is used to set a value of a private field. It follows a naming scheme prefixing the word set to the start of the method name. For example, lets add mutator fields for address and username: These methods do not have a return type and accept a parameter that is the same data type as their corresponding private field. The parameter is then used to set the value of that private field. Its now possible to modify the values for the address and username inside the Person object: Why Use Accessors and Mutators? Its easy to come to the conclusion that we could just change the private fields of the class definition to be public and achieve the same results. Its important to remember that we want to hide the data of the object as much as possible. The extra buffer provided by these methods allows us to: Change how the data is handled behind the scenes.Impose validation on the values that the fields are being set to. Lets say we decide to modify how we store middle names. Instead of just one String we can now use an array of Strings: The implementation inside the object has changed but the outside world is not affected. The way the methods are called remains exactly the same: Or, lets say the application that is using the Person object can only accept usernames that have a maximum of ten characters. We can add validation in the setUsername mutator to make sure the username conforms to this requirement: Now if the username passed to the setUsername mutator is longer than ten characters it is automatically truncated.

Insanity of Blanche Dubois - 918 Words

Insanity of Blanche Dubois The movie â€Å"A Streetcar Named Desire† contains many elements of insanity. The character that displays the most tragic insanity is Blanche Dubois. Blanche is from Laurel, Mississippi were she loses her home Belle Reve, after the death of her relatives. She then travels to her sister’s home where her actions lead her to insanity. She goes to her sister home as a fallen woman of society. She has a difficult time distinguishing between what is real and what is fantasy. Blanche Dubois is a complex individual who provokes strong reactions from other characters. The main factors are her lying, drinking and infatuations with men. Unfortunately, these actions drive her to the final breaking point and lead her to an†¦show more content†¦She tries to hold on to him but is unable to keep him attracted. Blanche is lost, confused, conflicted, lashing out in sexual ways, and living in her out own fantasies. She has no concern for anyoneâ€℠¢s well being, including her own. Thus, this is her utter most harmful demise. She has no realistic outlook for the future. In the end, Blanche Dubois is a tragic character. She works so hard to portray herself as a young innocent woman. She only wanted to have a good, clean life. Instead she acquired one full of pain, illusion and complexities with in her soul. Her life crumbles from her own self destruction. By the end she is able to release her true self through all the lies, drinking and infatuation with men. Her struggle with fantasy and reality is more then she can bear, therefore driving her to insanity. As she is taken to the mental hospital we can conclude that her self-torture is over and are witness of the final breakdown. All Blanche ever wanted was to be happy. Though she may have never obtained the life she wanted or even dream of, through the torture of her antics she is able to finally have closure. Works Cited A Streetcar Named Desire: Blanche du Bois. Drama for Students. Ed. Marie Rose Napierkowski. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 1998. eNotes.com. January 2006. 12 November 2011. . Shmoop Editorial Team. Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Desire Shmoop.com. Shmoop University, Inc., 11 Nov. 2008. Web. 12 Nov. 2011. Thayer, Marion P.Show MoreRelatedThe Mental Destruction of Blanche Dubois Essay1658 Words   |  7 Pages84). The character of Blanche Dubois embodies the 1940s distressed female as she struggles with her environment. She is battling guilt, loneliness and financial insecurity when she arrives in Elysian Fields. Critics and audiences alike have mixed reactions to Blanche and her role as the tragic protagonist. In â€Å"The Space of Madness and Desire† Anne Fleche suggests Blanche is mad from the outset of the play. Others such as Leonard Berkman in â€Å"The Tragic Downfall of Blanche Dubois† argue that she symbolizesRead MoreA Study on the Social Causes of Insanity How Appropriate Do You Find this Statement as a Comment on Streetcar Named Desire and Regeneration?1641 Words   |  7 PagesNamed Desire’ and ‘Regeneration’ both present studies of insanity that stem from social pressures on characters. Insanity is defined as a â€Å"state of being u nsound in mind† and â€Å"applicable to any degree of mental derangement from slight delirium or wandering to distraction†. Throughout the texts, we do see characters with ‘unsound minds’, ‘mental derangement’ who appear utterly distracted or delirious. The massive social cause of this insanity for the characters in ‘Regeneration’ is The Great War ofRead MoreA Streetcar Named Desire, By Tennessee Williams1629 Words   |  7 Pagesrelationship between the characters, Blanche and Stanley. Both works describe an unhealthy relationship between two people, foreshadow an event that leads to insanity, and provide detailed information that can be applied to both characters. A Streetcar Named Desire and â€Å"Blank Space† are similar because they both describe an unhealthy relationship. In the case of A Streetcar Named Desire, this would be the relationship between Blanche DuBois and Stanley Kowalski. Blanche is Stanley’s sister-in-law, whoRead MoreEssay about Symbolism in A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams1270 Words   |  6 Pagesdrama†¦the purest language of plays.† Once, quoted as having said this, Tennessee Williams has certainly used symbolism and colour extremely effectively in his play, ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’. A moving story about fading Southern belle Blanche DuBois and her lapse into insanity, ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’ contains much symbolism and clever use of colour. This helps the audience to link certain scenes and events to the themes and issues that Williams presents within the play, such as desire and death, andRead MoreThe Tragic Blanche DuBois in A Streetcar Named Des ire Essay1676 Words   |  7 Pagesencompassing their own destruction.† (Gassner 463). Fitting Gassner’s definition of a tragic character, Blanche DuBois in Tennessee William’s A Streetcar Named Desire caustically leads herself to her own downfall. In the beginning of the play, Blanche DuBois, a â€Å"belle of the old South† (Krutch 40), finds herself at the footsteps of her sister and brother-in-law’s shabby apartment in New Orleans. Although DuBois portrays herself as a refined and sophisticated woman, the reader soon comes to realize that, hidingRead MoreThe fusion of Eros and Thanatos in A Streetcar Named Desire1084 Words   |  5 Pages(Cranwell). In Tennesse Williams’ play A Streetcar Named Desire (1947) these fundamental drives of Eros and Thanatos dominate the story from the beginning to the end. This becomes particularly clear through the narrative of the protagonist of the play, Blanche DuBois, to whom the inextricable link betwe en desire and death leads to tragedy. The presence of death in A Streetcar Named Desire is established from the beginning with the opening introduction to the street, where the following events are going toRead MoreA Streetcar Named Desire Analysis918 Words   |  4 Pagesartworks. In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s, The Great Gatsby and Tennessee Williams’, A Streetcar Named Desire, the characterization of both Jay Gatsby and Blanche DuBois, the use of symbolism and motifs, as well as the characters’ downfall, contributes to the development of the theme of being stuck in the past. While Jay Gatsby wishes to recreate the past, Blanche DuBois unsuccessfully tries to forget her own. In, The Great Gatsby, it becomes apparent to readers that Gatsbys behavior is relative to his desireRead MoreA Comparison Of The Old South By Belle Reve781 Words   |  4 PagesBy virtue of drawing the parallels between the ideals of the Old South and Dubois’ inherent struggle to actualize her irreconcilable beliefs, it becomes important to understand the method that Dubois utilizes in order to cope with her internal struggles. The loss of Belle Reve amalgamated with the failure of society to accept her ultimately distorts her perception of reality. As aforementioned earlier, Dubois tries to maintain the conventions of the Old South, struggling to internalize the notionRead MoreA Streetcar Named Desire Dialect Journal726 Words   |  3 PagesI misrepresent things to them. I don t tell the truth, I tell what ought to be the truth. And if that s sinful, then let me be damned for it!† This quote from the main character in the play, Blanche DuBois, describes perfectly the fantasy world she lives in and her false sense of reality. Just as Blanche avoids being in bright lights to hide her appearance, she’s avoiding seeing a clear view of the unfortunately harsh world. She convinces herself that the world is really the way it is in her mindRead MoreReality vs. Illusion in A Street Car Named Desire by Tennessee Williams714 Words   |  3 Pagesromantic Blanche Dubois and the other characters in the play. The fantasy of Blanche and the other characters is revealed in the play when they try to hide from their reality. The characters acts as if what they were undergoing did not actually happen or were not of any importance.   The play is well written by Williams as a work of social realism. The concept of illusion or fantasy vs. the reality projects the idea of characters who want to run from their real world. The protagonist, Blanche, in this

Outline and Evaluate Social Psychological Theories of Aggression Free Essays

Social Learning Theory Social Learning Theory is based on the fact that people learn from one another, via observation, imitation, and modeling. Social learning theory explains human behaviour in terms of continuous mutual interaction between cognitive, behavioral, and environmental influences. Outline of research: Bobo Doll experiment The Bobo doll experiment was conducted by Bandura and studied patterns of behaviour associated with aggression. We will write a custom essay sample on Outline and Evaluate Social Psychological Theories of Aggression or any similar topic only for you Order Now Bandura carried out this study to look at social learning, where people learn through imitation.He used children, because they generally have less social conditioning. Bandura wanted to expose children to adult models exhibiting either aggressive or nonaggressive behaviours. Then, in a new environment without the adult model, he wanted to observe whether or not the children imitate these adult model aggressive or nonaggressive behaviours. Evaluation of Research 1. Cause and effect can be established as it could be demonstrated that the model did have an effect on the child’s resulting behavior because all variables other than the IV are being controlled. . Artificial as hitting a doll isn’t the same as hitting a person, as there is no evidence that young children intend to harm bobo in modeling experiments. 3. The bobo doll experiments are reliable as many other studies support the fact that children learn by imitating others. Outline of research: Family background of aggression Patterson’s study was conducted using interviews and questionnaires and comparing families with at least one highly aggressive child to other families. His findings suggested that a coercive home enviroment may cause aggressiveness.This is an enviroment which little affection is shown as they don’t use social reinforcement they use punishment and shouting and other aggressive tactics for behavioural control. Evaluation of Research: 1. Has high ecological Validity as it relates to real life situations. 2. the research is based on long-term influences on aggression, which therefore shows that it’s more useful then studies which look at short term influences. 3. real life situations, not all variables can be controlled which could effect the behaviours which therefore means cause an effect are not conclusive.Overall Evaluation of the theory 1. It has a lot of support from laboratory experiments such as the Bobo doll series of studies. However it lacks ecological validity and this does reduce the theory’s ability to clarify real life aggression. 2. Real life research such as Patterson demonstrates that role models are important in the development of anti-social behaviour. Therefore theses studies support the SLT. 3. Lacks population validity as the key studies are done with children as the main participants so cannot be linked to older people. DeindividuationDeindividuated people are more likely to be aggressive because of a loss of individuality which leads to reduced self-restraint. Deindiviuation is the loss of self awareness and sense of personal responsibility, people normally avoid acting in a aggressive manners partly as it’s seen as vulgar behaviour an as they are identifiable to society. However being anonymous in a crowd means reducing inner restraints and increasing behaviours that are usually inhibited, Studies such as Zimbardo have provided evidence that deindividuation can be an explanation for aggression.Outline research evidence: Zimbardo Zimbardo aimed to try and find if anonymity was a key factor in deindividuation. In an experiment very similar to Milgrams – he found that in his anonymous group they gave twice as many shocks as high control group even when told the learner was critical. He then concluded that anonymity was the reason for this and it lead to that groups added aggression. Evaluation of research 1. Could be said that neither study actually measures physical aggression as the participants do not physically harm each o ther. . Because it is not a real life situation participants may not behave in there natural and usual way, meaning it lacks ecological validity. 3. Does not show whether the uniform worn is important to behaving aggressively which raises questions as to whether it is another factor. Outline research evidence Football Hooliganism, which was where Marsh investigated the crowds of football fans to establish whether their high level of excitement and anonymity lead to deindividuation and aggression.From this experiment Marsh concluded that aggression is one of the norms of the group, as group membership is likely to lead to aggressive behaviour, however it can also be controlled aggression. Overall Evaluation of Evidence: 1. Because it is not a real life situation participants may not behave in there natural and usual way, meaning it lacks ecological validity 2. Deindividuation means one tends to abandon personal control. The results of the research could be taken to imply that deindividuation can increase conformity to certain social norms and its high levels of conformity to a group rather than itself, which leads to aggression. . Evidence shows that it does not always lead to aggression, which is a difficulty as its not always true. General Points All three have good supporting evidence and so they have reliability in explaining aggression. The theories all focus on social psychology and tend to underestimate and ignore the other possibilities for the aggression such as biological influences. References: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Bobo_doll_experiment http://www. learning-theories. com/social-learning-theory-bandura. html http://psy. ex. ac. uk/~tpostmes/PDF/05deindividuation. pdf How to cite Outline and Evaluate Social Psychological Theories of Aggression, Papers

Potluck free essay sample

The meaning of Doublespeak in Lutz opinion The essay Doublespeak specifically dives into the significance of the idea. The author does not hold back, but early on defines the general meaning of Doublespeak. The authors introduction is the explanation of doublespeak in general context. He lets the reader know beforehand about many tangents in double speak. He mentions four types of doublespeak which are euphemism, Jargon, gobblygook, and complex language. From these sub groups of double speak, he further explains detail of such doublespeak and its effect to the public. In essence, the effect of the author is to nform the audience precisely about doublespeak in many angles. He does not take a strong stance on his argument, but he does let his audience know that double speak is an effective rhetoric to use in certain circumstances. The idea of euphemism is to sugar coat an instance. This can be used by simple diction or a whole statement. We will write a custom essay sample on Potluck or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It is up to the writer to choose his/her method. Lutz leaves the choice to the audience, but provides certain examples to let the audience be informed with the affect of euphemism in a statement. In essence, he provides short and precise examples by omparing a straightforward statement with a doublespeak statement. He informs the reader that euphemism is a rhetoric that creates vagueness in a blunt statement. In my opinion, Lutz did a fine Job. The omission of any statements will leave the essay vague and blank, in a sense. Secondly, Lutz explains and defines Jargon to be a prestigious type language to impress and inform an audience. Many of the high class workers use this rhetoric in their professions to make a good impression. In essence, a Jargon can be used in a hospital, court, or any other professional environment. Lutz rovides the reader with positives and negatives regarding this rhetoric. He informs his reader to be well aware of using such rhetoric. The examples provided are precise and clear cut. In essence, he gets his point through. Adding on, gobblygook is a certain doublespeak that is similar to a Jargon, but way out of proportion with its complexity. Lutz lets the reader know to use this language in specific rhetorical situations. He informs the audience that gobblygook is a type of rhetoric that is used impress a bunch of ignorant audience, or to impress an educated group of audience hom will actually understand the meaning of such words. Besides that, it is not proper to use in personal conversations unless youre Einstein. Lutz efficiently explains this idea by providing examples to the audience. Furthermore, complex language is a type of rhetoric that is considered moderate compared to gobblygook. Its not out of proportion, but can stray away the audience if used too much. In oral arguments it is not functional. If used in papers, it can work, but if used too much, it can confuse the reader. Lutz explains the moderation of this rhetoric compared to Jargon and gobblygook. In essence, Lutz does a fine Job explaining the definitions of double speak in all angles. He gives the audience a general definition and provides general examples to prepare the audience for the lesson. He divides the four main definitions and gives sub examples for each definition. In addition he connects each definition back and forth providing the audience will clarification on his topic. He classifies his work in a general topic, then provides examples, and ultimately connects it to the overall meaning of doublespeak. In essence, he does an effective Job explaining the audience the general idea of doublespeak.

Chinese art ( Zhang Hongth Studio visit and Artist talk)

In visiting Zhang Hongtu’s art studio in Woodside, in the New York borough of Queens, one is struck by his gentle and lively insight. It is very frustrating for a listener because his English is so heavily accented, but what is understandable of his speech is well worth noting.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Chinese art (Zhang Hongth: Studio visit and Artist talk) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In a wide-ranging discussion, he touched on humor, the cathartic value of defacing the iconic image of a dictator, China’s imperiled environment, the dangers of political art in that country, and his feelings as a new immigrant. He showed slides of a number of his works, which all, in some way, reference China. Zhang Hongtu came to the USA from the People’s Republic of China, in 1982. He had grown up as an outsider. As Silberberg puts it, â€Å"the family’s religious and economic background increasingly became a serious political burden in the officially atheistic state.† [1] His family was committed to the government-suspected Muslim religious minority, and his father actively worked to spread the teachings of his faith. They were also businesspeople in a regime that discouraged entrepreneurship. The fact that his family was successfully financially made them a target of frightening government oppression[2]. In China, he studied art, so when he arrived in the USA, his technical skills were well developed. It seems that he was allowed to leave China with only thirty dollars[3], which may not have been even enough for the taxi from the airport. He told us that he found a job as a construction worker within two days. He was not lonely when he came to the US, he said, in spite of being in a strange country with no money[4]. His website indicates that he also studied art for another four years in New York[5]. Every work that we looked at related somehow to China. Eit her it showed the round and serenely smiling face of Chairman Mao, or a scene that evoked a Chinese landscape painting, or monkeys or fish that appeared Asian, but everything referred somehow to China. This was apparently quite deliberate. His painting, he said, reflects his inner self, and his inner self is very determined to critique China’s policies. In preparing for this visit, I was fascinated by the manner in which he used techniques that reminded me of famous Impressionists but in pictures of unfamiliar places. I was interested in what prompted him to begin blending elements from eastern and western art.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He told us that he observes that no art is truly pure. He pointed out that every artist and piece of art reflects a mixture of influences from other cultures, inspiration from other works of art, and that many include a variety of tec hniques. Thus, his mixing of eastern subjects is, to him, a natural progression. I see this as a modern version of what happened in the 1700s. During that general period, European art influences, for example, the idea of accurate portraiture, entered China, as we learned in researching the personal art selections of the Emperor Quianglong[6]. Zhang Hongtu brings eastern influences into the west, in the same way. I was also intrigued with why he was interested in the three specific artists whose styles show up so often in his recent work: Cezanne, Monet, and Van Gogh. He told us that these artists were his personal icons. I also observe that these three are instantly recognizable in style. This may allow him to borrow and mix style and subjects without worrying that someone is going to interpret him as copying. He himself describes these works as, â€Å"zaizhi, or â€Å"re-creating†Ã¢â‚¬  the Impressionist and Chinese classics together[7]. They have been termed ‘reconc iliation’ by Qian[8]. Thus, his brush technique, his deliberate adoption of another’s style, is clearly that of Cezanne when he paints a scene from a traditional Chinese pen and ink drawing and titles it with Cezanne’s name in the title[9]. He also often includes, in his Shan Shui series of these east-west hybrid landscapes, Chinese calligraphy that instructs the Chinese-speaking viewer to step back and appreciate the painting from a discreet Impressionist distance[10]. It is hard, as a young viewer, not to perceive this as funny. Several of us were specifically interested in whether he was being deliberately humorous, and I believe that he was clear in saying that humor was not intentional in his work. However, his criticism of the regime, policies, and practices of his birth country seems to all have been quite intentional. For example, he sent a painting to China for the Olympics, executed in immediately recognizable Cubist style and colors[11]. The image and the text embedded in it evoked the problems in Tibet. The painting, entitled Bird’s Nest, was sent back, rather than being destroyed by the Chinese authorities, but he undoubtedly made his point. He did not get the publicity for the picture that he had hoped for, however[12]Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Chinese art (Zhang Hongth: Studio visit and Artist talk) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At his studio, he showed us some items that are also clearly meant to make political commentary. We viewed some of his works that featured Mao’s image. He mentioned that he experienced what I believe he called ‘catharsis’ when he did this sort of work. For example, using Mao’s image ( he referred to it as ‘cutting it up’) to decorate a Quaker Oats box gave him a special feeling. He mentioned that back in the Bush administration, he had experimented with cutting apart picture s of President Bush. He told us that there was no corresponding response in his psyche of ‘catharsis’, the way there was when he portrayed Mao. In this series, he has portrayed the communist leader as a girl, or as Stalin, complete with distinctive mustache. This latter image was an explicit comparison between the killings in Russia and the deaths in China, according to what he told us. When we chuckled at some of the variations he created on Mao’s image, he told us that this was no joke in China. In China, even now, he said, such art would be entirely and dangerously unacceptable[13]. He showed us a painting of silver fish amongst vertical plants. These creatures all have their mouths open, as though they are gasping for oxygen. He told us that when he painted this, he considered it a happy painting at the time[14]. However, it is hard to avoid the inference that perhaps it also reflects the airless atmosphere for art and dissent in China. The artist showed us a series of paintings that are similar compositions featuring monkeys and distinctively Chinese mountain shapes, with city buildings shown in the background[15]. These, he told us, represent the rapid growth of human population, and the imminent destruction of the environment. He shared with us that he felt that artists had an obligation to talk about such problems[16]. As a special treat, he shared with us an animated video of one of his works in progress. This was a magical thing to watch, because it reveals where he goes with his brush, first, second, and from then on. It is not the logical process of a machine, but the deft and intuitive mastery of an expert. He ended our visit on that lovely and visually arresting note[17]. Zhang Hongtu was very gracious, and exceedingly modest, in sharing his ideas and intentions about his art. There is a certain evocation of eastern philosophy even in his presentation of himself. This reminds me of his statement, noted above, that his art reve als his inner mind.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More If this is the case, his inner mind is consumed with the oppression of the Chinese government, and deeply humble about his own gifts. Seeing so much of his art together, and being immersed in it, combined with his spare and cogent comments, was almost a meditative experience, and one that I will long remember. His art is not just beautiful. Even his pop-art influenced pieces that evoke (for me at least) Warhol, such as his Chairman Mao series, are decorative and attractive as well as thought provoking . His works on the environment are disturbing but appealing even if one does not grasp the polemical message. His Shan Shui series works are often dramatically and breathtakingly beautiful. Seeing his work in his very presence was a true privilege. Bibliography D’Arcy, David. â€Å"Artist’s Pointed Critique is Barred from Bejing.† Wall Street Journal. 2008. Hongtu, Zhang. â€Å"Presentation to students of Chinese art history.† 2011. —. Zhang Hongtu Ho mepage. 2011. Web. Metropolitan Museum of Art. â€Å"The Emperor’s Private Paradise.† Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2011. Web. Qian, Zhijian. â€Å"Over the Boundaries: Recent Works by Zhang Hongtu.† Zhang Hongtu Homepage. 2011. Web. Silbergeld, Jerome. â€Å"Zhang Hongtu: The Art of Straddling Boundaries.† Studio Door China. 2011. Web. Footnotes Silbergeld, Jerome. â€Å"Zhang Hongtu: The Art of Straddling Boundaries.† (Silbergeld 2011). Zhang, Hongtu. â€Å"Presentation to Students of Chinese Art History†. 2011. Queens, NY. This was one of the times when it was difficult to understand him, but the overall idea is accurately captured. (Hongtu, Presentation to students of Chinese art history 2011). Hongtu, Zhang. â€Å"Zhang Hongtu Homepage†. Metropolitan Museum of Art. â€Å"The Emperor’s Private Paradise†. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Qian, Zhijian. â€Å"Over the Boundaries†. Zhang Hongtu Homepage. (Qian 2011). ( Qian 2011). (Qian 2011). D’Arcy, David. â€Å"Artist’s Pointed Critique is Barred from Beijing†, Wall Street Journal. (D’Arcy 2008). (Hongtu, Presentation to students of Chinese art history 2011). Ibid. (Hongtu, Zhang Hongtu Homepage 2011) These monkey paintings are visible there. (Hongtu, Presentation to students of Chinese art history 2011). (Hongtu, Presentation to students of Chinese art history 2011). This essay on Chinese art (Zhang Hongth: Studio visit and Artist talk) was written and submitted by user Joey V. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cerca and Other Related Spanish Words Indicating Closeness

Cerca and Other Related Spanish Words Indicating Closeness The words and phrase cerca, cercano and cerca de are very commonly used in Spanish to indicate proximity or closeness in location, time, number or degree. Most common is cerca de, which is used as a preposition. Common translations include by, near, about and close to: Cerca de 12 millones de personas sern vacunadas contra la fiebre amarilla. About 12 million people will be vaccinated against yellow fever. Hay muchos hoteles cerca de Disney World. There are many hotels by Disney World. Quiero estar cerca de ti siempre. I want to always be close to you. Los activistas dicen que Cataluà ±a est cerca de la abolicià ³n de la tauromaquia. The activists say Catalonia is close to bringing an end to bullfighting. Despliega Colombia 22 batallones cerca del là ­mite con Venezuela. Colombia is deploying 22 battalions near the border with Venezuela. Hay una buena probabilidad de que veamos una estabilizacià ³n de los precios cerca de febrero o marzo, dijo el presidente. Theres a good chance well see a stabilization of prices around February or March, the president said. Cerca by itself functions as an adverb: El fin del mundo est cerca. The end of the world is near. Hay cuatro tranvà ­as que pasan cerca. There are four streetcars that pass nearby. Tan cerca y a la misma vez tan lejos. So close, and yet so far away. El asteroide pasar tan cerca que podremos verlo. The asteroid will pass so close well be able to see it. El triunfo est cerca. Victory is near. The adjective form is cercano: Tenemos una casa cercana al aeropuerto. We have a house near the airport. Descubre tus cinco amigos ms cercanos en Facebook. Find your five closest friends on Facebook. El futuro (aà ºn no cercano) est en la computacià ³n molecular. The future (but not the near future) is in molecular computing. A few related words have other meanings: The verb cercar typically means to surround or to enclose: Los estudiantes cercaron las oficinas. The students surrounded the offices.The noun la cerca typically refers to a fence or wall. El concepto de la cerca electrificada fue descrita por primera vez por Mark Twain. The concept of an electric fence was described for the first time by Mark Twain.The phrase acerca de usually means about in the sense of concerning: Hablaban acerca de nosotros. They were talking about us.

Nursing Precpetor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Nursing Precpetor - Essay Example This definition describes the many roles or functions the preceptor fills, and illustrates how difficult and complex it is to be a preceptor. Furthermore, being a preceptor is especially important since it affects the quality of care given by preceptees (the new nurses or student nurses which are taught and guided by the preceptors) to patients. As highlighted in the analysis of the available literature on the subject, preceptorship is an "essential part of the socialization and professional development of nurses with a new registerable qualification" (OMalley, Cunlitte & Breeze, 2000. It was also found by Davis (2003) that the professional development of nurses, which is incorporated in the preceptorship program, is linked to high quality service provision (as cited in Davidson, Glasper & Donaldson, 2005). Hence, it is obvious that the preceptorship improves the quality of care being given to patients. A preceptor has many responsibilities, which can be divided into two groups- fundamental responsibilities and procedural responsibilities. The ones of the former group are: commitment to the role of the preceptor and desire to teach and share expertise with co-workers. The responsibilities of the latter group, the procedural responsibilities, include: orientation and socialization or the preceptees to the unit, assessment of the developing objectives of the preceptees, being a role model, observing and evaluating the preceptees, giving constructive criticism and supporting, facilitating preceptees development, supervising patient care provided by the preceptees to ensure it is safe and competent nursing, documenting a summary of the preceptees performance and maintaining strict confidentiality of all preceptee-related information (OMalley, Cunlitte & Breeze, 2000, Smith, 2006). The complexity and multiplicity of the preceptors responsibilities were recognized by Cerinus and Ferguson (1994), and were

Management Styles & Decisions IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Management Styles & Decisions IP - Research Paper Example The company would like to create an additional layer of management to focus on the global initiatives while lower level management focuses on day to day operations. In making recommendations a consulting firm must address each concern of the company. Any change within an organizational structure requires first identifying and examining what objectives the company would like to achieve and then deciding how best to achieve those objectives. Global expansion efforts that are not successful due to complete thorough and well made plans will cost the company time and money and management effort will be wasted. Risk assessments evaluation should be done on the company’s global expansion and careful market research should be completed by both an inside and outside organization if this is possible. Developing a new company vision to involve a culturally aware mission statement should also include global values and managers who operate in a globally sensitive way. Determining what structure the new organizational type should be will guide the focus of new efforts. A team based structure provides integration and flexibility though it is size limited and can lack role clarity and technical excellence. To compensate for these weaknesses information technology, rewards systems, skills development tools and integrating roles should be focused on (Digeorgio). Employee morale as reported by the company is mixed, with half of the employees eager to move into management positions and the other half being satisfied in their current status. Budget restraints do not allow everyone within the company to be promoted and performances evaluations show not everyone within the company have been performing satisfactorily. Using employee recognition programs could provide incentive to improvement in those employees who will not be offered promotions or upper level management positions. Reward programs create a positive impact on customer focus and

Business and Accounting Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business and Accounting Ethics - Essay Example The main purpose of business ethics is to maintain a code of conduct which reinforces consumer confidence in the business. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) has put down ethical guidelines for accounting. The AICPA's first principle of professional conduct states: "In carrying out their responsibilities as professionals, members should exercise sensitive professional and moral judgments in all their activities." The Golden Rule is this that one should live their life with integrity and bearing a sound moral character. Success cannot be measured by the acquisition of money only. A 1987 survey of corporate executives administered by Touche Ross revealed that two thirds believed that high ethical standards improve a firm's competitive position but felt that "increased concentration on short-term earnings" and "decay in cultural and social institutions" are major threats to business ethics. [1] Ethics must be the cornerstone of every business. This applies to my real estate and loan brokerage businesses aptly. The article stresses on transparency and pursuing good moral values in order to earn long term benefits. Ethics is also essential in building trust and confidence in the public for your business. Real Estate businesses have to do with direct interaction with the customers. Ethics is especially relevant here.

Leadership Qualities That Rely on Five Principle Actions

Leadership Qualities That Rely on Five Principle Actions Akhil Reddy Leburu Abstract This paper explains the leadership principles that are proposed by James Kouzes and Barry Posner. The leadership qualities were described as per the five principles followed: Leaders challenge the process, Leaders inspire a shared vision, Leaders enable others to act, Leaders model the way, Leaders encourage the heart. The ethical behavior and social identity are briefly described. Keywords: Ethical behavior, Social identity Leadership Qualities That Rely on Five Principle Actions The five actionable qualities are main roles that leaders should acquire given by the author. Leaders plays an important role in the company who leads the team and assign the tasks to team members per their skills or department. He/she should take the responsibility of the team members. The influential roles that a leader should obtain are given below. We are going to discuss about the five principles that are required for a leader. In this discussion, Im giving real time examples to describe how each principle can be effected on real world situation. Leadership Challenge the Process Inspiring innovation and leading change call for more than process- they require the adoption of a cultural mindset (as cited in Forbes by Mike Myatt). The leader should challenge the foundation if the vision and core values are shaky. Challenging the promise keeps the leader sustainable and deliverable. For example, if the leader is not able to communicate with team members and not able to complete the product as promised to given time, you may be in the trouble. The leader should challenge himself instead of challenging others. Great leaders challenge all the complex things. The leader must assess the information quality gathered and must be credibility in the process. Leaders Inspire a Shared Vision If they [employees] cant see themselves in the picture, then they cant imagine that its a possibility for them. (as cited in Forbes by Carmine Gallo). The leaders must have a clear and perfect vision before inspiring others. For example, the professional athletics visualize the game before the game starts from beginning to end, they focus on gaining the victory. Invite your team members to explore their ideas or thoughts and opinions to be more than a pay check. Nothing extraordinary ever happened without a leader articulating a vision, a course of action says John F. Kennedy. Leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King and Che Guevara inspire us by being themselves as great speakers who were followed by the public opinion and share their vision to the world. Leaders Enable Others to Act Leaders who Enable Others to Act spread their influence far beyond their physical sphere (says Jody R. Rogers). The leader cannot survive without his/her teammates or colleagues. The leader need to take an advantage of opportunities of team to decode their challenges. Leader should take a responsibility of sharing each other ideas or thoughts to implement new products. The leader should have skills or knowledge on what the team are discussing about and meet their expectations. For example, if a team has a different thought that solves the current problem, the leader doesnt take a chance of referring the problem with the team, the leader may lose the opportunity to get a perfect solution. Leaders Model the Way Leaders live and act by their values. They have clarity in what they believe, and they align their actions with their values. Leaders must set an example by setting the actions with shared values. For example, a car dealer who dominates his market. He is not only the one, the next four car dealers combine and equal up the market where he competes. The leaders must lead a path to next generation by giving a motivation. He/She must be excepting the ideas and thoughts of the team. Leaders Encourage the Heart Leaders give heart by visibly recognizing peoples contributions to the common vision (by Kouzes Posner, 2012). The leader must recognize contributions by giving respect for individual excellence. Leaders follow their heart and encourage the thoughts and get them into the world. They should take the responsibility of the team and give them the requirements and space needed. Conclusion I conclude that the five principles that are proposed by James Kouzes and Barry Posner plays an important role in the leadership challenge process. The leaders must follow the principles that are mentioned in the discussion. I have given a brief description of each and every principle in the paper. References http://www.forbes.com/sites/mikemyatt/2013/03/07/10-things-every-leader-should-challenge/#207cd262450b http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2011/07/06/the-7-secrets-of-inspiring-leaders/#77c61e923195 http://www.leadershipchallenge.com/resource/enabling-others-to-act-inspiring-commitment-.aspx Kouzes, James, and Posner, Barry, (2008). The Student Leadership Challenge. San Francisco: Jossey Bass. http://www.tsaweb.org/sites/default/files/u1/Model%20the%20Way%20Lesson.pdf Kouzes, J.M., Posner, B.Z. (2012). The Leadership Challenge, (5th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass. https://prezi.com/devk6jm5ysff/leadership-challenge-encouraging-the-heart-final/

Varicella â€Zoster Virus Essay -- Health, Diseases, Chickenpox

Varicella –Zoster Virus (VZV) is a ubiquitous, double standard DNA virus that belongs to the herpes virus group. Like other herpes viruses, VZV may persist in the body after primary infection .VZV is a virus exists across the globe having a high prevalence in temperate climates. It also has a high prevalence in seasons of late winter and early spring. The primary infection results in Varicella (chicken pox) whereas recurrent infection causes herpes zoster (shingles). The virus is approximately 150 to 200 nanometer in size, is the smallest of the known viruses causing herpes and lacks genes for several proteins found in HSV, which is the prototype of the alpha herpes viruses, such as glycoprotein D (Mandell et al., 2009). The virus has a high sensitivity to temperature and becomes inactivated at approximately 56-60 degrees Celsius (Arvin, 1996). If it is was exposed to such a high temperature the viral envelope would be disrupted making the virus not infectious. Varicella zoste r virus produces six or more glycoproteins, such as gB (gpII), gC (gpIV), gE (gpI), gH(gpIII), and gL, which are also expressed on the cell membranes during viral replication (Arvin, 1996). The gE protein is produced abundantly in VZV. The gB protein is the target of neutralizing antibodies and may play a role in virus entry. The gH protein appears to have fusion function, facilitating cell –to-cell spread of the virus. The prevention of the spread of VZV is difficult because contagious persons can go 1 – 2 days without signs and symptoms (Arvin, 1996). VZV is transmitted by respiratory droplets or direct contact with rash lesions, and patients are usually contagious from a few days before rash onset until the rash has crusted over. VZV enters the body throu... ...l VZV infection (chickenpox) can contract chickenpox from someone with recurrent infection (shingles). In such cases, transmission occurs during exposure when the rash is in the blister-phase, not through sneezing or coughing. Treatments that are available consist of antiviral therapy such as acyclovir, famciclovir and valacyclovir (Stoppler, 2011). These antivirals help the severity of varicella and herpes zoster. An important vaccine that is available for people over the age of 60 is called Zostavax. Zostavax is available in the market which can reduce the risk of shingles (Stoppler, 2011). It is a live vaccine that boosts the immune system, provides protections against the virus and it complications. It has shown to reduce the risk of shingles by half in older individuals and also reduces the severity and length of disease in those who still develop shingles.

E-Learning website for Multimedia

People nowadays, access the Internet or online services to acquire different and useful information. Most of them are people that want to get knowledge that are easy to learn and understand. It is very common now in our society that many people use the computer for their research purposes and to gather such information by simply surfing through the internet. One of the things that gives information and many people can acquire knowledge is the E-learning systems. E-learning system is web-based learning or known as the online training and eachings that are more simple and easy to learn.E-learning services, it enables developing of skills and knowledge by means of different web-applications and process in a particular course of teaching. Many people uses the internet to watch and to search for different tutorials that can we access to many different online services. Multimedia Arts involves the digital designing of visual elements, such as editing images, videos, audios, etc. It becomes richer and deeper because visual and narrative art are expressed in digital media.Therefore, E-learning system for Multimedia arts can give interest and opportunities by means of accessing this web-based training. There is variety of equipment on this online education that gives the important teachings that the users need to learn. General Problem How to create an E-Learning system for Multimedia Arts that enables to acquire skills and knowledge that is more simple and easy to learn. Specific Problem How to design the interface of the system? How to design the layout of the system? How to maintain the security of the website?

Classic Poems About, Addressed to, or Inspired by Birds

Classic Poems About, Addressed to, or Inspired by Birds Birds wild and domestic are quite naturally interesting to humans, earthbound creatures that we are, and for poets in particular, the world of birds and its endless variety of colors, shapes, sizes, sounds and motions has long been an immensely rich source of inspiration, symbol and metaphor. Because they fly, they carry associations of freedom and spirit on their wings. Because they communicate in songs that are alien to human language and yet musically evocative of human feelings, we attribute character and story to them. They are distinctly different from us, and yet we see ourselves in them and use them to consider our own place in the universe. Here’s our collection of classic bird poems in English: Samuel Taylor Coleridge,â€Å"The Nightingale† (1798)John Keats,â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† (1820)Percy Bysshe Shelley,â€Å"To a Skylark† (1820)Edgar Allan Poe,â€Å"The Raven† (1845)Alfred, Lord Tennyson,â€Å"The Eagle: A Fragment† (1851)Elizabeth Barrett Browning,â€Å"Paraphrase on Anacreon: Ode to the Swallow† (1862)William Blake,â€Å"The Birds† (1863)Christina Rossetti,â€Å"A Bird’s-Eye View† (1866)Christina Rossetti,â€Å"On the Wing† (1866)Walt Whitman,â€Å"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking† (1867)Walt Whitman,â€Å"The Dalliance of the Eagles† (1881)Emily Dickinson,â€Å"‘Hope’ is the thing with feathers - † (#254)Emily Dickinson,â€Å"High from the earth I heard a bird;† (#1723)Paul Laurence Dunbar,â€Å"Sympathy† (1899)Gerard Manley Hopkins,â€Å"The Windhover† (1918)Gerard Manley Hopkins,â€Å"The Woodlark† (1918)Wallace Stevens,â€Å" Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird† (1918)Thomas Hardy,â€Å"The Darkling Thrush† (1902)Robert Frost,â€Å"The Oven Bird† (1920)Robert Frost,â€Å"The Exposed Nest† (1920)William Carlos Williams,â€Å"The Birds† (1921)D.H. Lawrence,â€Å"Turkey-Cock† (1923) D.H. Lawrence,â€Å"Humming-Bird† (1923)William Butler Yeats,â€Å"Leda and the Swan† (1928) Notes on the Collection There is a bird at the heart of Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner†- the albatross- but we have chosen to begin our anthology with two Romantic poems inspired by the song of the common nightingale. Coleridge’s â€Å"The Nightingale† is a â€Å"conversation poem† in which the poet cautions his friends against the all-too-human tendency to impute our own feelings and moods onto the natural world, hearing the nightingale’s song as a sad song because the listener is melancholy. On the contrary, Coleridge exclaims, â€Å"Nature’s sweet voices, [are] always full of love / And joyance!† John Keats was inspired by the same species of bird in his â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale†- the little bird’s ecstatic song prompts the melancholy Keats to wish for wine, then to fly with the bird on â€Å"the viewless wings of Poesy,† then to consider his own death: â€Å"Now more than ever seems it rich to die,To cease upon the midnight with no pain,While thou art pouring forth thy soul abroadIn such an ecstasy!† The third of the British Romantic contributors to our collection, Percy Bysshe Shelley, was also taken with the beauty of a small bird’s song- in his case, a skylark- and also found himself contemplating the parallels between bird and poet:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Hail to thee, blithe Spirit!. . . .Like a Poet hiddenIn the light of thought,Singing hymns unbidden,Till the world is wroughtTo sympathy with hopes and fears it heeded not...† A century later, Gerard Manley Hopkins celebrated the song of another little bird, the woodlark, in a poem that conveys the â€Å"sweet- sweet- joy† of God-created nature: â€Å"Teevo cheevo cheevio chee:O where, what can that be?Weedio-weedio: there again!So tiny a trickle of sà ³ng-strain...† Walt Whitman also drew inspiration from his precisely described experience of the natural world- in this, he is like the British Romantic poets, despite all the differences between his poetry and theirs- and he, too, attributed the awakening of his poetic soul to his hearing of a mockingbird’s call, in â€Å"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking†: â€Å"Demon or bird! (said the boy’s soul,)Is it indeed toward your mate you sing? or is it really to me?For I, that was a child, my tongue’s use sleeping, now I have heard you,Now in a moment I know what I am for, I awake,And already a thousand singers, a thousand songs, clearer, louder and more sorrowful than yours,A thousand warbling echoes have started to life within me, never to die.† Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"Raven† is not a muse or a poet but a mysterious oracle, a dark and spooky icon. Emily Dickinson’s bird is the embodiment of the steadfast virtues of hope and faith, while Thomas Hardy’s thrush lights a tiny spark of hope in a dark time. Paul Laurence Dunbar’s caged bird epitomizes the soul’s cry for freedom, and Gerard Manley Hopkins’ windhover is ecstasy in flight. Wallace Stevens’ blackbird is a metaphysical prism, viewed thirteen ways, while Robert Frost’s exposed nest is the occasion for a parable of good intentions never completed. D.H. Lawrence’s turkey-cock is an emblem of the New World, both gorgeous and repulsive, and William Butler Yeats’ swan is the ruling god of the Old World, the classical myth poured into a 20th century sonnet.

Assessing Risk In Social Work Social Work Essay Essay Example

Assessing Risk In Social Work Social Work Essay Essay Example Assessing Risk In Social Work Social Work Essay Essay Assessing Risk In Social Work Social Work Essay Essay Hazard can be described as a hazard, or a chance/likelihood of a loss or a peculiar event to happen ( Collins, 2012 ) , which can look as a great uncertainness in relation to societal work when step ining in people s lives. Over the old ages this has been more formalistic by statistical chance and structured appraisal tools to steer professionals. Hazard across the continuum of societal work can be placed into two general classs, those hazards that people pose to themselves or others and those hazards which people are exposed to ( Kemshall, 2007 ) . Hazard taking and direction demands to be balanced between the uncertainness of unneeded injury and dangers that worker and service user may be exposed to. The right to protection and the right to take hazards necessitate to be exhaustively addressed and considered, this in its ain right will foreground many ethical quandary. Intervention must be justified ; on the other manus society has a responsibility to guarantee kids are non expose d to opprobrious state of affairss. Pull offing hazard should be an chance to besides seek or increase positive results, non merely to avoid danger but to cut down the odds against it ( Calder, 2008 Care Council of Wales, 2002, 4, Corby, 2001 ) . There appears to be no definite account of hazard or hazard appraisal in societal work and whether it refers to merely negative or harmful results, the balance of good against bad results or whether it even includes the possibility of positive events ( Calder, 2008 ) . Hazard appears to go around around the construct of danger and possible injury and is non merely related to service users but professional and organizational pattern. Measuring hazard requires intervention in household life and the professional demands to be painstaking of how this is managed in respects to how they engage with service users ( Calder, 2008, CCW, 2002, 1-3 ) . The two chief principals of the Children Act, 1989 are to protect kids from important injury and to guarantee and advance their long term public assistance. The Children Act 1989 introduced the construct of important injury as a threshold for statutory organic structures to step in in household life, advancing the best involvements of the kid. Local Governments have a responsibility to guarantee that kids and immature people are protected from important injury and to safeguard and advance the public assistance of the kid that may necessitate aid and back up beyond that of normal mainstream services ( Scie, 2005 ) . Measuring and safeguarding kids from important injury is a major function in societal work but it can be hard to measure hazard to a high grade of truth as factors are mostly cumulative and research has shown that it can be hard to expect long term results ( Calder, 2008, Scie, 2005 ) . Risk is besides dependent on the state of affairs ; one definition does non suit all ( Scie, 2005, p21 ) . Corby, ( 1996 ) suggested that there are three facets to put on the line appraisal in kid protection. These are preventive, fact-finding and continuance hazard appraisal ( Coulshed A ; Orme, 2006, Kenshall A ; Pritchard, 2001 ) . Preventive hazard appraisal is considered before any engagement by bureaus takes topographic point and may act upon the determination whether to step in or non. Preventive hazard appraisal is based on declarative factors which inform opinions ( grounds based pattern ) ( Coulshed A ; Orme, 2006, Webb, 2006 ) . Early work by Browne A ; Saqi ( 1998 ) cited in Kenshall A ; Pritchard ( 2001 ) gave indexs of prognostic factors, for illustration: history of household force, history of mental unwellness, drug or intoxicant maltreatment, parent abused or neglected as a kid and research on these affairs will be used assess the likely cause or result or act upon the manner in which the professional intervenes. A unfavorable judgment of this manner of working is th at it can take away from the professional liberty in determination devising. Social workers should be cognizant and inform themselves of available grounds as good pattern but should be able balance this in each single state of affairs ( Coulshed A ; Orme, 2006, Kenshall A ; Pritchard, 2001 ) . This manner of pattern can foreground ethical issues for the worker by agencies of know aparting people because of past events or by factors that are out of their control, the danger is that non-abusers could be identified as maltreaters. Social workers may besides step in when there is no grounds of maltreatment which can be seen as intrusive and demonstrates the importance of equilibrating rights and duties ( Coulshed A ; Orme, 2006 CCW, 2002, Webb, 2006 ) . Fact-finding hazard appraisal can besides be known as an initial appraisal and is normally brought to the attending of societal services sections by person who has expressed concerns, this possibly another professional or a member of the populace. These are normally dealt by working collaboratively with other bureaus in peculiar to child protection and will about ever involve the Police, G.P/Health Visitor and instruction. The societal worker will be required to utilize the Framework for Assessment which provides a systematic manner of recording and analyzing information about the kid and its household. The worker would besides mention to the All Wales Child Protection Procedures ( WAG, 2008 ) when there are concerns sing kid protection. Troubles can originate when working in a multi-agency partnership as each bureau may hold their ain docket or outlooks of results. This can be apparent when working in instances where domestic force is present and the designation of the hazard that t he kids are perchance being exposed to being emotional and physical injury. The Police may be of the sentiment that the kids should be removed from the state of affairs instantly but the societal worker may experience that it is better to work with the female parent and perchance the father/partner in deciding the issues but besides guaranting the safety of all concerned. This may be done as a kid in demand or child protection depending on the badness of the maltreatment. Again this demonstrates the complex undertaking by societal workers of equilibrating the hazard against the rights of those involved. Social workers have the responsibility to see the rights of those involved for illustration the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child ( UNCRC, 1989 ) Article 19, provinces that a kid has the right to protection from maltreatment and disregard. Besides Article 8 of The Human Rights Act 1998 states the right to esteem for household life ( Coulshed A ; Orme, 2006, Cree A ; Wallace, 2005 ) . Continuance hazard appraisal may be considered during long term intercessions whereby for illustration a kid possibly returning to the attention of their parents after a period of separation due to put on the line concerns. Where identifiable hazard has been discovered appraisals need to be made at regular intervals with the focal point being on hazard decrease instead than hazard riddance ( Corby, 1996, Coulshed A ; Orme, 2006 ) . Continuation hazard appraisal is about equilibrating the hazards of intercession against non-intervention. Evaluation of the original concerns need to be considered and alterations that have occurred acknowledged. The societal worker will so hold to measure whether the alterations made have had a positive or negative influence on the state of affairs or made no difference at all ( Coulshed A ; Orme, 2006 ) . In measuring hazard societal workers need to see how power and cognition can act upon determinations that are made. Professionals have the power to take action to protect others, have the entree and cognition of resources on offer and the cognition of theories which may construe behavior and label persons. Using these to label or pigeonhole an person is in itself an maltreatment of power ( Coulshed A ; Orme, 2006 ) . Today policy promotes the demand for practicians to be sensitive and informed of the diverseness of people s background, taking into consideration their race, civilization and beliefs. A holistic appraisal of a household should include this as criterion and it is of import to recognize the different attacks and life styles and this should reflect the types of intercession that can be provided for multi-cultural communities ( Coulshed A ; Orme, 2006, CCW, 2002 1.6, Milner A ; OBryne, 2009, ) .

The Effects of the Vietnam War on American Soldiers Essay

The Effects of the Vietnam War on American Soldiers - Essay Example The South Vietnamese forces along with the United State depended on the air force and fire power with which they conducted search and destroy operations. "The Vietnam War, like the other two world wars before it, was a conflict that defined war for a generation. Unlike those previous wars, it was not fought on a broad international battlefield but rather in a narrow stretch of land far distant from America. Moreover as our study shows, it left not a single overwhelming image, but conflicting visions and meanings over which we continue to fight, though less stridently than at the height of that bitterly divisive conflict" (Wouters and Laufer 316). The United States entered the war to avoid the takeover of South Vietnam by the communist. The strategy behind this support was called containment. U.S. Military advisors arrived in 1950. In the early 1960s the U.S. involvement grew and the early 1965 they deployed combat units. The involvement of the U.S. was the highest in 1968 during the Tet Offensive. Later U.S. forces withdrew under a policy called Vietnamization, as South Vietnamese troops were armed and trained. The fighting in Vietnam continued even after a peace treaty was signed by all parties involved in January 1973. The U.S. Congress passed the Case-Church Amendment in June 1973, responding to the anti-war movement. The Case-Church Amendment banned U.S. Military intervention. North Vietnam captured Saigon in April 1975. In 1976, North Vietnam and South Vietnam were reunified. The Vietnam War had a huge impact on the culture, foreign relations and politics of the United States. The American citizens were very upset over the government's justification for the war and the means of fighting used. The war encountered a large human cost, which included the loss of 58,159 U.S. soldiers. The Vietnam War did not only result in the loss of life of American soldiers. The war had lasting effects on the soldiers who were in Vietnam. The soldiers not only suffered physical pain and injuries, they also suffered many psychological disorders. The fact that their own country men had turned against them affected the soldiers psychologically and emotionally. "Going to war creates a gulf between the warrior and his fellow citizens who have not directly experienced warfare" (Wouter and Laufer 40). The effects on the psychic of the soldiers were devastating up to the extent that they also stared committing suicide due to depression. The soldiers also faced problems which had lasting effects, these included drug addiction and the effects of Agent Orange on the soldiers and their children. "With the Vietnam war came widespread drug use, anti-military activism, racial tensions and increasing crime, all of which debilitated the training and readiness of the U.S. forces" (Baker 64) . Soldiers faced extreme conditions like hunger, fatigue, diseases and the like. Due to the intense conditions the soldiers faced in Vietnam, war memories were not forgotten easily. This resulted in a psychological disorder called delayed stress syndrome, which is described as extreme stress or even disorder of the brain caused by shocking memories of the past. Studies show that almost 15 per cent of the 3.3 million Americans who were a part of the Vietnam War were diagnosed with delayed stress sy

Contemporary Middle East Discussion Questions (1 source each, approx Essay

Contemporary Middle East Discussion Questions (1 source each, approx 125 words) - Essay Example This is well seen in the case of Egypt and Persia in which case the effects of these forces continue to play. Many people were always skeptical to the idea of giving away their resources as a way of creating much interconnection with the state (Finkel, 2006). 2) The Wahhabi Muslim fundamentalists believed that Muslims should return to the very fundamental Islamic ways as outlined in the Quran and the Hadith. Much of their beliefs were informed by the teachings of medieval theologians like Taymiyyah. They believed in the Islamic doctrine of Tawhid in which the unity and uniqueness of God were greatly revered (Philby, 2004). More importantly, these Muslim fundamentals believed that philosophical interpretations of the Quran and the Hadith could mislead the people. As such they totally opposed such interpretations. On the other hand, Muslim modernists like Malkom Khan were pushing for the reconciliation of the Islamic faith with such modern values like democracy, nationalism, equality a nd progress. In this case, the critical evaluation of issues in the context of jurisprudence was greatly cherished. Indeed, these beliefs have considerable impact in the Middle East to this day. 3) The Osmanlilik reform movement was developed during the first constitutional era in the Ottoman Empire. ... In this regard, aspects of head tax, conscription, and military service were applied to everyone in equal measure. Citizenship of the empire was therefore a common affair irrespective of any orientation or affiliation. It should however be realized that Osmanlilik was greatly rejected by many Muslims and non-Muslims alike. Many of the adherents of Osmanlilik were lost during the first Balkan War and this led to its eventual failure. 4) The Young Turks Revolution of 1908 was driven by a group of likeminded Turkish nationalists, pluralists and a group of other secularists who totally blamed the Sultan for the harried state of the Empire at the time. The Sultan had suspended the parliament and this was restored effectively by the revolution. It was however realized that the process of replacing monarchic institutions with constitutional ones was not easy as had been initially presumed. The unity of the young Turks and the wide support they enjoyed across the land and beyond was indeed i nstrumental in their successful deposition of the Sultan in 1909. In a way, the Young Turks basically stood for change as opposed to the state of affairs realized at the time. Their goals were therefore different from those of the Osmanlilik (Ruggiero, 2003). 5) The general area of the Middle East greatly attracted much of Europe leading to the European domination of the region and the subsequent influence. Politically, the United Kingdom began this influence by taking over the government of Cyprus which was a protectorate of the Ottoman Empire. This was basically as a result of the Cyprus Convention. In this regard, the British greatly influenced the political, social and economic life of this region. In the same way as Syria became part of the French protectorate, it was

Employing Strategy in a Competitive Environment Essay - 1

Employing Strategy in a Competitive Environment - Essay Example Campaigns for efficiency of national transport systems advocate for mass public means of transport as a preferred way of reducing losses and costs, posing a major threat to private transport services (Cooper, Mundy, & Nelson 2010). Unforeseen eventualities in the infrastructure and national and global economy continue to pose a threat to the transport since antiquity. Complex innovations across the infrastructure needs imply that a compromise calls for a great deal of investment to rectify the challenge. The level of damage that the multi-billion dollar industry suffers during eventualities is irreparable in the modern day, exposing the customers and the company to serious losses. As an illustration, the recent trends of extreme weather are serious challenges to the maintenance of the integrity of transport infrastructure such as roads, so the reliance on such transport services becomes risky in this era of efficient business practices (McSherry, 2002). In addition, the volatility of the global economy and the uncertainties it brings to corporate strategy options exposes the York Trans Rove to unpredictable market threats. Service and fleet portfolio at York Trans Rove elevates the company as a daring participant in the New York market, where many players would not find it easy to enter. Having entered the market as a small scale player and navigating through the competitive space with its current portfolio – these actions demonstrate resilience and conviction to market participation (Loh, 1997). In terms of this internal belief for undisputed possibilities, the company has established a strong foundation to challenge such giant players as Enterprise Rent-A-Car Corporation. The concept of operating as a small company focused only on growth prospects as opposed to a huge company considering downgrading operations under a particular pressure presents York Trans Rove with a

Act of Union Essay Example for Free

Act of Union Essay Assess the causes of the Act of Union of 1800, and consider the ways in which the Articles of Union themselves were intended to solve the apparent problems in Ireland’s constitutional, political and religious relationship with England. Your essay must make reference to the relevant document studied in seminar 5. There were several significant causes of the Act of Union between Great Britain and Ireland in 1800, most notably, the United Irishmen rebellion of 1798, along with the French landing at Killala in North Mayo. The United Irishmen, a radical mixed religious group, had began a campaign against British rule in Ireland in 1798. This rebellion was centered around Wexford, Wicklow and a protestant linen worker rebellion in Antrim. The rebellion was poorly organized and coordinated, and many parts of the country were left undisturbed. Although it was yet another rebellion by the Irish that was defeated, it fast forwarded the long standing idea that a political, constitutional and military union was needed between the two countries to prevent further war, or even worse, for Ireland to become a stepping stone in a French invasion of The British Isles. The worry about a French invasion starting in Ireland was compounded by a small French landing in north Mayo, that led to two battles, at Castlebar and Ballinamuck. The French landing was requested by Wolfe Tone, a protestant who was viewed as the leader of the United Irishmen. Wolfe Tone was influenced by the French and American Revolutions, and passed this influence onto the United Irishmen. The fact that the American Revolution had occurred so recently also had another major bearing on the Act of Union. the British parliament did not want to lose another colony, especially not one this close to home. This most likely would have being seen as a major weakness by the other European powers of the time. The French revolution, which promised freedom to all religions and races, and equal rights to all men would also have being seen as a threat to George III, the current monarch, whos Coronation Oath held him to uphold and secure the Protestant faith. Article Fifth of the Act of Union combined the Church of Ireland and the Church of England into one central Protestant Episcopal Church. It also made the protestant faith the official religion of Ireland. The unity of the churches would also have bred the hope that more of the Catholic majority in Ireland would be converted. This would have being a vital cause for the union getting voted through the all protestant Irish parliament, as the protestants were outnumbered by Catholics in the general population at a ratio of 3:11. Should the Act of Union pass, they would be on the opposite side, it would be a 3:11 protestant majority. On a related topic, Robert Peel had earlier being responsible for the ending of several of the penal laws, all since the threat of war began in France. In 1793 Catholics could vote and become lawyers for the first time. He also played a part in the repeal of Poynings Law, which allowed the Irish parliament to enact its own laws without influence from London for the first time since the Norman Invasion. However, vitally, he could not hold his nerve to repeal the Penal law that stopped Catholics from holding a place in parliament and many Irish people would have thought this was the most important, as they could only vote for the entirely protestant government. Pitt had supported the Act Of Union in 1800, but had originally planned to follow it with more far reaching ideas, such as Catholic emancipation. However George III, after signing the Act of Union into law in August 1800, refused to support full Catholic emancipation on the basis that it would be contrary to his Coronation Oath. While the Act of Union was defeated the first time in the Irish parliament, it was passed on the second time of asking. Certain peerages, pensions and certain honors were offered to Irish politicians and Irish critics in return for voting for the act in the second time of asking. The first attempt to pass the law was beaten 109 votes against to 104 votes for, but, on the second time of asking in 1800, the results showed 150 for, compared to 115 against. Also, since the repeal of Poynings law, the Irish had being in charge of their own finances, and had bankrupt the country. When much the same thing had happened to Scotland in the 17th century, a Union with Britain had helped the Scottish overcome their financial difficulties. The Act of Union was intended to solve many of Irelands problems in different ways. Article first stated that Ireland and Britain would be united into one Kingdom, by the Name of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. This essentially made Ireland a sister kingdom to Britain, with the same laws, religion and parliament. However as time showed, these sister kingdoms were not treated equally, with very little worry being given to the Great Famine of 1845-49. Although it may initially have being seen to calm some insurgency in Ireland, it was not a suitable long-term arrangement unless great measures were taken to assimilate the large Catholic majority. These measures were not taken, and Catholic Ireland still felt like it was being given the short straw without emancipation. Article Second simply stated that the continuation of the Imperial Crown shall continue limited and settled in the same manner as the Succession to the Imperial Crown of the said Kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland. This was to ensure that a protestant was always going to be in power as a monarch in Great Britain, and that the new Union with Ireland would not have an influence on the process of picking a new king or queen. The third article was perhaps the most important in terms of change, as it was the article that fully combined the two parliaments into a single entity. This was the most influential article, as it caused many of the upper class representatives that Ireland would have to move out of Dublin and over to London, to be closer to political affairs. This caused a decline in the importance of Dublin as a major European city, and shifted most of the influential Irish people out of the country. It may also have lead to the idea of Absentee landlords, another thing that was seen by the Irish as a cause of the Great Famine. Article Fourth was simply involved in the representation of Ireland in the new parliament. The election of 28 Electoral Lords for life would have guaranteed a continuation of protestant ascendancy in the British House of Lords. This would not have went well with the catholic majority of Ireland as they would have zero representation in the House of Lords, which had the ability to veto any laws passed by the House of Commons. Any chance of a law hat passed a pro-Catholic law would have being immediately put down by the protestant powers in the House of Lords, so even if George III did not veto the hopes for Catholic emancipation then the House of Lords would surely have. The 8th article was a constitutional article that ensured the continuation of all laws from before the act, in both Britain and Ireland. It stated That all Laws in force at the time of the Union, and all the Courts of Civil and Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction within the respective Kingdoms, shall remain as now by Law established within the same This was a safety mechanism to prevent any problems with the transition between separate and united kingdoms. If this article had not being put in place then, theoretically the parliament in London would have had to enact new laws that could potentially damage the political and hostile situation in Ireland. As you can see, the Act of Union was hoped to be a permanent solution to the problems in Ireland, and planned to consolidate the British Isles under one rulership. The Articles in the Act of Union attempted to promote the protestant faith, in particular the Anglican faith, in Ireland, and in the long term hoped to transform the rebellious Catholic majority into equal citizens of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Although it was unsuccessful in the long run, it was a historic event that worked in other parts of the empire, such as Scotland.

Osteoarthritis Diagnosis and Care Plan

Osteoarthritis Diagnosis and Care Plan Patient Initials:  JA  Unit/Room DOB:  8/17/1926 Code Status Height/Weight 6’1’’ / 126 lb Allergies:  No allergies Temp (C/F Site) Pulse (Site) Respiration Pulse Ox (O2 Sat) Blood Pressure Pain Scale 1-10 97*F 79 18 160/80 8 History of Present Illness including Admission Diagnosis and Relevant Physical Assessment Findings (normal abnormal) Relevant Diagnostic Procedures Surgeries /Results (include dates, if not found state so) The patient is suffering from general osteoarthritis, muscle weakness, abnormal of gal, spinal stenosis, chronic pain neck, benign hypertension, Alzheimer, dementia with behavior disturbance, depressive disorder NEC, and myopia. The main symptom of osteoarthritis is sharp pain, or a burning sensation in the associate muscles and tendons, causing stiffness and loss of ability. OA can cause a crackling noise or crepitus when the affected joint is moved, and the patient may experience muscle spasm and contractions in the tendons. Occasionally, the joints may also be filled with fluid. Humid and cold weather increases the pain in many patients. OA commonly affects the hands, feet, spine, and the large weight bearing joints, such as the hips and knees, although in theory, any joint in the body can be affected. As OA advances, the affected joints appear larger, are stiff and painful, and usually feel worse, the more they are used throughout the day, thus distinguishing it from rheumatoid arthritis. In smaller joints, such as at the fingers, hard bony enlargements may form, and though they are not necessarily painful, they limit the movement of the fingers significantly. OA at the toes leads to the formation of bunions, rendering them red or swollen. OA is the most common cause of joint effusion, an accumulation of excess fluid in or around the knee joint (Moskowitz, 2007). Breast surgery: Right Tonsillectomy Total abdominal hysterectomy Past Medical Surgical History, Pathophysiology of medical diagnoses (with APA citations) Pertinent Lab tests/ Results (with normal ranges) with dates and rationales The patient has a history of dementia, hypertension, alcohol abuse, UTI, insomnia, and urinary incontinence. Her cause of dementia is Alzheimer’s disease. This condition frequently begins with memory loss or subtle impairments in other cognitive functions. These changes might initially manifest as simple forgetfulness or absentmindedness or as minor problems with language, judgment, or perception. As dementia progresses, memory loss and cognitive impairment extend in scope until the person can no longer remember basic social and survival skills or function independently. Language, spatial or temporal orientation, judgment, perception, and other cognitive capacities decline, and personality changes may occur (Bourgeois Hickey, 2011). She suffers from hypertension whose symptoms include: Blood in the urine Severe headache Vision problems Fatigue or confusion Chest pain Difficulty breathing Irregular heartbeat Pounding in the chest, neck, or ears (Izzo Black, 2003). Urinary tract infections (UTI) do not always cause signs and symptoms, but they can include: A strong, persistent urge to urinate A burning sensation when urinating Passing frequent, small amounts of urine Urine that appears cloudy Urine that appears red, or bright pink colored, which is a sign of blood in the urine Strong-smelling urine Pelvic pain in women (Kilmartin, 2002) Heart: Normal in size. Elevate of right diaphragm. Motion artifact involve left lung base which obscure distal. No pneumothorax. 1/31/15 Impression: no definite infiltrates or masses although motion artifact degrades the quality of the image especially left lung base. Follow up film as indicated. Elevate right diaphragm 1/27/15 Prealbumin 4 Regular diet 11/17/14 Glucose 79 BUN 22 Creatinine 0.74 RBC 4.82 Phosphate 97 hemoglobin 13.7 SGot 15 MCV 85.3 SGPT 0.5 MCH 28.5 Calcium 8.6 MCHC 33.4 Sodium 140 RDW 13.8 Potassium 3.9 platelet 216 Chloride 105 monocyte 7.9 Co2 28 lymph 28 Protein 5.7 eos 2.5 Albumin 3.5 baso 0.5 Morphology normal Globumin 2.2 A/G ratio 1.6 GFR value 83 CBC 7.7 WBC 4.82 7/21/14 Compressibility and patency through the deep venous system with augmentation noted. Right foot demonstrates no fracture or evidence of bony destruction. No definite neoplastic progress of right foot is demo Erikson’s Developmental Stage with Rationale (APA citations) Socioeconomic/Cultural/Spiritual Orientation Psychosocial Considerations The patient is over 80 years old. Therefore, she fits in the 8th Psychosocial Stage of Integrity vs. Despair. The patient is now a senior citizen. She tends to slow down on productivity, and explore life as a retired person. It is during this time that she contemplates her accomplishments and is able to develop integrity if she sees herself as leading a successful life. If she sees her life as unproductive, feel guilt about her past, or feel that she did not accomplish her life goals, she will become dissatisfied with life and develop despair, often leading to depression and hopelessness. Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of wisdom. Wisdom will enable her to look back on her life with a sense of closure and completeness, and also accept death without fear. (Shaffer, 2008) The patient lives with her son who takes care of her medical and financial needs. The patient has a decreased cognitive ability and is not able to safely take medication by herself. She experiences a high level of insomnia/sleep deprivation. She also suffers from depression exacerbated by a lack of self-efficacy. Potential Health Deviations, Predisposing Related Factors; Interventions to Assess or Prevent Potential Health Deviations â€Å"At Risk for†¦Ã¢â‚¬  nursing dx (AT LEAST TWO) Inter-professional Consults, Discharge Referrals, Current Orders (include diet, test, and treatments) with Rationale With APA citations Exercising. Exercise could increase her endurance and strengthen the muscles around her joints, making her joint more stable. She can try walking, but she should stop if she feels new joint pain. New pain that lasts for hours after she has exercised probably means she has overdone it, but does not mean she should stop exercising altogether. Using hydrotherapy, local heat and cold to manage pain: Both heat and cold can relieve pain in her joints. Heat also relieves stiffness, and cold can relieve muscle spasms and pain. Applying over-the-counter pain gels/creams. Creams and gels available at drugstores might offer temporary relief from osteoarthritis pain. Some creams numb the pain by generating a hot or cool sensation whereas other creams have medications, such as aspirin-like compounds, that get absorbed into the skin. Pain creams would work best on joints that are close to the surface of her skin, such as knees and fingers. Using assistive devices. Assistive devices could make it easier for her to go about her day without stressing the painful joints. A cane might take weight off her knees or hips as she walks. Weight management. Being overweight can increases the stress on her weight-bearing joints, such as her knees and hips. Therefore, the patient should maintain her weight to prevent putting pressure on her joints, which could increase her pain. 1/27/15HPN 4oz TID with meals for supplement 7/20/14 Regular diet 1/26/15 Ice cream at HS 9/16/14 4.1.1 benign hypertension. Amlodipine Besylate 2.5mg PO QD. Hold if BP 11/27/14 Colace 250 PO QD bowel management 7/20/14 Namenda 5mg PO BID 7/20-7/21/14 Donepezil 10mg PO QHS for Alzheimer. Tylenol 325mg 2tabs Q4H if temp >101 10/18/14-11/2/14- Mylanta 30cc PO QD PRN for indigestion 7/20/14 Effexor 37.5 mg PO QD: depressive, sadness 7/20/14 Monitor antidepressant drug side effects and episode of verbal of sadness. Assess QS for pain 0-10 4/6/15 Left and right inner buttock redness clean with NS, pat dry, Baza cream 7/31/14 RNA ambulation with FWW with QD 6x/week 10/4/14 Half left side rail up 1/31/14 CXR for cough and congestion 7/20/14 May get up on wheelchair as tolerated. Admitted to Parkview hospital for dx Dementia, depression, Alzheimer, hypertension. 11/25/14 Nursing to incorporate ROME during daily ADL care Psych drug: Effexor 37.5mg for depression and verbalization sadness. Outcome: Resident was admitted consent and order for use of med, will observe and monitor behavior 10/31/14 Resident had behavior episode during this quarter will continue to observe and monitor behavior episode. Nursing Diagnosis (at least 2) Planning (outcome/goal) Measurable goal during your shift (at least 1 per Nursing diagnosis) Prioritized Independent and collaborative nursing interventions; include further assessment, intervention and teaching (at least 4 per goal) Rationale (use APA citations) Evaluation Goal Met, Partially met, or not Met and Explanation 1. Severe pain associated with distention of tissue by the inflammatory process The pain showed reduced or controlled Looks relaxed, can rest, sleep and ability to participate in appropriate activities. Follow the treatment program. Using the skills of relaxation and entertainment activities in a pain control program. Assess pain and note the location and intensity of pain (scale 0-10). Write down the factors that accelerate and signs of non-verbal pain. Give hard mattress and small pillow. Elevate bed when a patient needs to rest or sleep. Help the patient take a comfortable position when sleeping or sitting in a chair. Depth of bed rest as indicated. Help patient to frequently change positions. Help the patient to a warm bath at the time of waking. Help the patient to a warm compress on the sore joints several times a day. Monitor temperature compress. Give a massage. Encourage the use of stress management techniques such as progressive relaxation bio-feedback therapeutic touch, visualization, self-hypnosis guidelines imagination, and breath-control. Engage in activities of entertainment that is suitable for individual situations. Give the drug before activity or exercise that is planned as directed. Assist patients with physical therapy. Rest of systemic, recommended during the acute exacerbation phase of disease and all that is important to retain the power to prevent fatigue. Eliminates pressure on the tissue and increase circulation. Facilitate patient self-care and independence. Proper removal techniques can prevent skin abrasion tear. Increasing the stability (reduce the risk of injury) and necessary joint position and body alignment, reduced contractor. To maximize joint function and maintain mobility. It may be necessary to suppress the acute inflammatory system. Useful in formulating training programs / activities based on individual needs and in identifying the tool (Moskowitz, 2007). The patient met this outcome. Her worst pain reduced to 6 and her tolerance increased to 5 with less verbal and facial expression. 2. Impaired Physical Mobility associated with skeletal deformities, pain, discomfort, and decreased muscle strength. Maintain a function of position in the absence / restrictions contractures. Maintain or improve strength and function of compensation of the body. Demonstrate techniques or behaviors enabling activities Monitor the level of inflammation / pain in joints Maintain bed rest / sit if necessary Schedule of activities to provide a rest period of continuous and uninterrupted nighttime sleep. Assist patients with range of motion active / passive and resistive exercise and isometric if possible. Slide to maintain an upright position and sitting height, standing, and walking. Provide a safe environment, for example, raise the chair / toilet, use a high grip and tub and toilet, the use of mobility aids / wheelchairs rescue. Collaboration physical therapist / occupational and specialist visional. The level of activity / exercise depends on the development / resolution of the inflammatory process. Systemic Rest is recommended during acute exacerbations, and all phases of the disease is important to prevent exhaustion maintain strength Maintain / improve joint function, muscle strength and general stamina. Eliminates stress on the network and improves circulation. Facilitate patient self-care and independence. Proper removal techniques to prevent tearing skin abrasion. Increase stability (reducing the risk of injury) and maintain the necessary joint position and body alignment, reducing contractor. To maximize joint function and maintain mobility Avoiding injury due to accidents / falls Useful in formulating training programs / activities based on individual needs and identifying tools (Grifka Ogilvie-Harris, 2012). The patient met this outcome because she is able to walk without any appliance and her mobility is independent. MEDICATION LIST Medications (with APA citations) Class/Purpose Route Frequency Mechanism of action / Onset of action Common side effects Nursing considerations specific to this patient Namenda NMDA receptor antagonist, 5-HT3 antagonist. Oral 5mg 2times a day Namenda reduces the actions of chemicals in the brain that may contribute to the symptoms of Alzheimers disease. Diarrhea, dizziness or headache. Donepezil HCL Parasympathomimetic Oral 1tab/day at bed time This medication is an enzyme blocker that works by restoring the balance of natural substances (neurotransmitters) in the brain. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite/weight loss, dizziness, drowsiness, weakness, trouble sleeping, shakiness (tremor), or muscle cramps Amlodipine Calcium channel blocker Oral 2.5mg PO Amlodipine relaxes (widens) blood vessels and improves blood flow. Dizziness, lightheadedness, swelling ankles/feet, headaches, or flushing Hydrochlorothiazide Thiazide diuretic Oral 12.5 mg 1tab PO QD Hydrochlorothiazide helps prevent the body from absorbing too much salt, which can cause fluid retention. Stomach upset, dizziness, or headache Effexor Antidepressant Oral 37.5mg 1x a day Venlafaxine affects chemicals in the brain that may become unbalanced and cause depression. Vision changes; nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, changes in appetite or weight, dry mouth, yawning; dizziness, headache, anxiety, feeling nervous, fast heartbeats, tremors or shaking, insomnia, strange dreams, tired feeling, increased sweating, and decreased sex drive. Bibliography Bourgeois, M. S., Hickey, E. (2011). Dementia: From Diagnosis to Management A Functional Approach. New York: Taylor Francis. Grifka, J., Ogilvie-Harris, D. (2012). Osteoarthritis: Fundamentals and Strategies for Joint-Preserving Treatment. New York: Springer Science Business Media. Izzo, J. L., Black, H. R. (2003). Hypertension Primer: The Essentials of High Blood Pressure. New York: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Kilmartin, A. (2002). The Patients Encyclopaedia of Urinary Tract Infection, Sexual Cystitis and Interstitial Cystitis. Boston: Angela Kilmartin. Moskowitz, R. W. (2007). Osteoarthritis: Diagnosis and Medical/Surgical Management. New York: Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Shaffer, D. (2008). Social and Personality Development. Boston: Cengage Learning.

The Role of Women in Sir Gawain and The Green Knight Essay -- Medieval

The Role of Women in Sir Gawain and The Green Knight Sir Gawain and The Green Knight is an example of medieval misogyny. Throughout Medieval literature, specifically Arthurian legends like Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, the female characters, Guinevere, the Lady, and Morgan leFay are not portrayed as individuals but social constructs of what a woman should be. Guinevere plays a passive woman, a mere token of Arthur. The Lady is also a tool, but has an added role of temptress and adulteress. Morgan leFay is the ultimate conniving, manipulating, woman. While the three women in this legend have a much more active role than in earlier texts, this role is not a positive one; they are not individuals but are symbols of how men of this time perceive women as passive tokens, adulteresses, and manipulators. Guinevere from the very beginning of the legend is portrayed as a passive, typical lady of the court. In stanza four, the author describes Guinevere almost as a trophy or ornament of the court: "Queen Guinevere very gaily was gathered among them/....The prettiest lady that one may describe/She gleamed there with eyes of grey/To have seen one fairer to the sight/That no one could truly say" (74-84). Guinevere does not take an active role in the court. She does not have speaking role and basically just sits among the knights of the Round Table. Her passivity and silence could be the result of medieval anti-feminism. According to Bloch in medieval times what a woman wants is to speak. Medieval authors such as Andreas Capellanus, the supposed author of The Art of Courtly Love writes, "Furthermore, not only is every woman by nature a miser, but she is also envious, and a slanderer of other women......fickle in her speech,....a li... ... because of her beauty. And Morgan leafy while she might be an all-powerful sorcerer, she is a ultimately a manipulator and scapegoat. Works Cited: Bloch, R. Howard. Medieval Misogyny and the Invention of Western Romantic Love. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1991. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight in The Norton Anthology of English Literature, Sixth Edition, Volume One. General Ed. M.H. Abrams. New York: Norton, 1993. Works Consulted: Bennett, Michael J.   "The Historical Background" in A Companion to the Gawain-Poet, pp. 71-90.   Derek Brewer and Jonathan Gibson, editors.   Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 1997. Putter, Ad.   An Introduction to the Gawain-poet.   New York: Addison Wesley Longman, 1996. Riddy, Felicity.   "Jewels in Pearl" in A Companion to the Gawain-Poet, pp. 142-55.   Derek Brewer and Jonathan Gibson, editors.   Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 1997.

Spunk: Kill and Story

Brianna Walton English 101 What Goes Around Comes Around Men’s role in the eyes of society is to be the head of the house, to provide for the family, and to be physically and mentally strong. They are taught not to show their emotions but to bury them. Society has taught us that the aggressive man will run the bigger business, make more money, eventually have a more successful life. Men who tend to be soft spoken and timid are looked at as weak in the eyes of others as well as in society. In Zora Neale Hurston's â€Å"Spunk,† there is a conflict between Joe and Spunk. Spunk is having relations with Lena, Joe's wife. Joe seeks revenge and Spunk kills him. Ultimately Spunk is killed supposedly by Joe's evil spirit. The language captures the tone in the story, which strengthens the saying â€Å"what goes around comes around†. Spunk is looked at as the town’s hero because he is not afraid of anything and he is physically strong, when in all actuality he should not be glorified by the town’s people because he is nothing but a bully. Joe is the exact opposite of Spunk, he is physically weak but mentally strong. The purpose of this story is to show that the physically bigger male doesn’t always win. Karma is always out looking for revenge and eventually the man that has spunk will be shown. Spunk is first introduced as a giant brown-skinned man that’s known for his bravery. The town’s people rejoice as they see him even though he is walking arm and arm with someone else’s wife. He is seen as the â€Å"ideal† male because he is strong and brave. Joe’s introduction is completely different. He is immediately looked at as weak by the town’s people because at the mention of his wife you could see the pain he was suffering in his eyes, his face, his hands, and even the dejected slump of his shoulders showed the pain he was suffering from the absence of his wife. It is obvious that Joe is not respected by his peers. Joe pulls out the razor to show them that he plans on killing Spunk, they don’t believe that he has what it takes to kill Spunk. They even go as far as laughing boisterously behind his back as they watched him go into the woods. The overall tone used in â€Å"Spunk† is seriousness and irony. The serious tone is shown when its seen that Joe’s wife is having a public affair: â€Å"Now Joe knew his wife had passed that way. He knew that the men lounging in the general store had seen her, moreover, he know that the men knew he knew. † This means Hurston uses this conflict to create a serious tone in the story. Moreover, a bigger conflict with Joe and Spunk occurs: â€Å"Joe came out there wid a meat axe an' made me kill him. This also sets up a serious tone. Hurston uses this conflict to fuel the next part of the tone in the story. There is also ironic tone in the story † But Spunk says twan't no bob-cat nohow. He says it was Joe done sneaked back from hell! † The author sets this tone up by making the story supernatural and spiritual. The mood in the story that seemed to arise was anger. The first part of the anger is towards Lena. â€Å"Lena looked at him real disgusted but s he don't answer and she don't move outa her tracks. She was cheating on her husband in public. She should have divorced him or fully left Joe, instead of mistreating and humiliating him in public. The second part of the anger is towards Joe. â€Å"One could actually see the pain he was suffering, his eyes, his face, his hands, and even the dejected slump of his shoulders. † The reader wonders why Joe let Lena and Spunk make a fool out of him. For that, the reader is angry at Joe’s timid personality. In â€Å"Spunk,† Hurston uses a series of language devices. The allusion element is vividly used: â€Å"Joe came out there wid a meat axe an made me kill him. He sent Lena home and led the men back to Joe-crumpled and limp with is right hand still clutching his razor. † Hurston sets Spunk up to be an over-exaggerator in the story without saying he is. The author also uses the conversation between the Elijah and Walter to exhibit the distinctive dialogue: â€Å"Ah like him fine but tain't right the way he carries on wid Lena Kanty, jus' 'cause Joe's timid about fightin'. This form of down south olden' days slang give a different edge to the story, that the reader does not experience in modern day. The story displays a dramatic irony: â€Å"It was Joe, â€Å"Lige that dirty sneak shoved me†¦ he didn't dare come to mah face†¦ † This makes the reader say isn't that ironic. Hurston displays Spunk to be the bad guy he is that killed the good guy, then is killed. In the beginning of the story an allusion is presented to the reader: † Looka theah folks! cried Elijah Mosley, slapping his knee gleefully. ‘Theah they go, big as life an' brassy as tacks. † This gives the reader the conception that there is going to be some drama in the story. The dialogue in this story establishes realism: â€Å"Gimme some soda water. Sass'prilla, Ah Reckon. † The dialect shows the reader the setting is probably during the days when blacks did not have an education or wasn't really allowed to get educated. The dramatic irony enriches and evokes the central idea: â€Å"If spirits kin fight, there's a powerful tussle goin' on somewhere ovah Jordan, cause Ah b'leeve Joe's ready for Spunk an'aint skeered of anymore†¦ Karma gave the illusion that Joe returned and killed Spunk. However Spunk's guiltiness about killing Joe led him to his fate. The dominant element of â€Å"Spunk† is the central idea, karma. Hurston exhibits karma: † He pushed me ‘Lige-the dirty hound pushed me in the back! † Spunk Banks was claiming Joe Kanty's evil spirit kill him. Spunk took Joe's wife and killed him, nevertheless Spunk died. This is a classic case of what goes around comes around.