Chinese art ( Zhang Hongth Studio visit and Artist talk)

In visiting Zhang Hongtu’s art studio in Woodside, in the New York borough of Queens, one is struck by his gentle and lively insight. It is very frustrating for a listener because his English is so heavily accented, but what is understandable of his speech is well worth noting.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Chinese art (Zhang Hongth: Studio visit and Artist talk) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In a wide-ranging discussion, he touched on humor, the cathartic value of defacing the iconic image of a dictator, China’s imperiled environment, the dangers of political art in that country, and his feelings as a new immigrant. He showed slides of a number of his works, which all, in some way, reference China. Zhang Hongtu came to the USA from the People’s Republic of China, in 1982. He had grown up as an outsider. As Silberberg puts it, â€Å"the family’s religious and economic background increasingly became a serious political burden in the officially atheistic state.† [1] His family was committed to the government-suspected Muslim religious minority, and his father actively worked to spread the teachings of his faith. They were also businesspeople in a regime that discouraged entrepreneurship. The fact that his family was successfully financially made them a target of frightening government oppression[2]. In China, he studied art, so when he arrived in the USA, his technical skills were well developed. It seems that he was allowed to leave China with only thirty dollars[3], which may not have been even enough for the taxi from the airport. He told us that he found a job as a construction worker within two days. He was not lonely when he came to the US, he said, in spite of being in a strange country with no money[4]. His website indicates that he also studied art for another four years in New York[5]. Every work that we looked at related somehow to China. Eit her it showed the round and serenely smiling face of Chairman Mao, or a scene that evoked a Chinese landscape painting, or monkeys or fish that appeared Asian, but everything referred somehow to China. This was apparently quite deliberate. His painting, he said, reflects his inner self, and his inner self is very determined to critique China’s policies. In preparing for this visit, I was fascinated by the manner in which he used techniques that reminded me of famous Impressionists but in pictures of unfamiliar places. I was interested in what prompted him to begin blending elements from eastern and western art.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He told us that he observes that no art is truly pure. He pointed out that every artist and piece of art reflects a mixture of influences from other cultures, inspiration from other works of art, and that many include a variety of tec hniques. Thus, his mixing of eastern subjects is, to him, a natural progression. I see this as a modern version of what happened in the 1700s. During that general period, European art influences, for example, the idea of accurate portraiture, entered China, as we learned in researching the personal art selections of the Emperor Quianglong[6]. Zhang Hongtu brings eastern influences into the west, in the same way. I was also intrigued with why he was interested in the three specific artists whose styles show up so often in his recent work: Cezanne, Monet, and Van Gogh. He told us that these artists were his personal icons. I also observe that these three are instantly recognizable in style. This may allow him to borrow and mix style and subjects without worrying that someone is going to interpret him as copying. He himself describes these works as, â€Å"zaizhi, or â€Å"re-creating†Ã¢â‚¬  the Impressionist and Chinese classics together[7]. They have been termed ‘reconc iliation’ by Qian[8]. Thus, his brush technique, his deliberate adoption of another’s style, is clearly that of Cezanne when he paints a scene from a traditional Chinese pen and ink drawing and titles it with Cezanne’s name in the title[9]. He also often includes, in his Shan Shui series of these east-west hybrid landscapes, Chinese calligraphy that instructs the Chinese-speaking viewer to step back and appreciate the painting from a discreet Impressionist distance[10]. It is hard, as a young viewer, not to perceive this as funny. Several of us were specifically interested in whether he was being deliberately humorous, and I believe that he was clear in saying that humor was not intentional in his work. However, his criticism of the regime, policies, and practices of his birth country seems to all have been quite intentional. For example, he sent a painting to China for the Olympics, executed in immediately recognizable Cubist style and colors[11]. The image and the text embedded in it evoked the problems in Tibet. The painting, entitled Bird’s Nest, was sent back, rather than being destroyed by the Chinese authorities, but he undoubtedly made his point. He did not get the publicity for the picture that he had hoped for, however[12]Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Chinese art (Zhang Hongth: Studio visit and Artist talk) specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At his studio, he showed us some items that are also clearly meant to make political commentary. We viewed some of his works that featured Mao’s image. He mentioned that he experienced what I believe he called ‘catharsis’ when he did this sort of work. For example, using Mao’s image ( he referred to it as ‘cutting it up’) to decorate a Quaker Oats box gave him a special feeling. He mentioned that back in the Bush administration, he had experimented with cutting apart picture s of President Bush. He told us that there was no corresponding response in his psyche of ‘catharsis’, the way there was when he portrayed Mao. In this series, he has portrayed the communist leader as a girl, or as Stalin, complete with distinctive mustache. This latter image was an explicit comparison between the killings in Russia and the deaths in China, according to what he told us. When we chuckled at some of the variations he created on Mao’s image, he told us that this was no joke in China. In China, even now, he said, such art would be entirely and dangerously unacceptable[13]. He showed us a painting of silver fish amongst vertical plants. These creatures all have their mouths open, as though they are gasping for oxygen. He told us that when he painted this, he considered it a happy painting at the time[14]. However, it is hard to avoid the inference that perhaps it also reflects the airless atmosphere for art and dissent in China. The artist showed us a series of paintings that are similar compositions featuring monkeys and distinctively Chinese mountain shapes, with city buildings shown in the background[15]. These, he told us, represent the rapid growth of human population, and the imminent destruction of the environment. He shared with us that he felt that artists had an obligation to talk about such problems[16]. As a special treat, he shared with us an animated video of one of his works in progress. This was a magical thing to watch, because it reveals where he goes with his brush, first, second, and from then on. It is not the logical process of a machine, but the deft and intuitive mastery of an expert. He ended our visit on that lovely and visually arresting note[17]. Zhang Hongtu was very gracious, and exceedingly modest, in sharing his ideas and intentions about his art. There is a certain evocation of eastern philosophy even in his presentation of himself. This reminds me of his statement, noted above, that his art reve als his inner mind.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More If this is the case, his inner mind is consumed with the oppression of the Chinese government, and deeply humble about his own gifts. Seeing so much of his art together, and being immersed in it, combined with his spare and cogent comments, was almost a meditative experience, and one that I will long remember. His art is not just beautiful. Even his pop-art influenced pieces that evoke (for me at least) Warhol, such as his Chairman Mao series, are decorative and attractive as well as thought provoking . His works on the environment are disturbing but appealing even if one does not grasp the polemical message. His Shan Shui series works are often dramatically and breathtakingly beautiful. Seeing his work in his very presence was a true privilege. Bibliography D’Arcy, David. â€Å"Artist’s Pointed Critique is Barred from Bejing.† Wall Street Journal. 2008. Hongtu, Zhang. â€Å"Presentation to students of Chinese art history.† 2011. —. Zhang Hongtu Ho mepage. 2011. Web. Metropolitan Museum of Art. â€Å"The Emperor’s Private Paradise.† Metropolitan Museum of Art. 2011. Web. Qian, Zhijian. â€Å"Over the Boundaries: Recent Works by Zhang Hongtu.† Zhang Hongtu Homepage. 2011. Web. Silbergeld, Jerome. â€Å"Zhang Hongtu: The Art of Straddling Boundaries.† Studio Door China. 2011. Web. Footnotes Silbergeld, Jerome. â€Å"Zhang Hongtu: The Art of Straddling Boundaries.† (Silbergeld 2011). Zhang, Hongtu. â€Å"Presentation to Students of Chinese Art History†. 2011. Queens, NY. This was one of the times when it was difficult to understand him, but the overall idea is accurately captured. (Hongtu, Presentation to students of Chinese art history 2011). Hongtu, Zhang. â€Å"Zhang Hongtu Homepage†. Metropolitan Museum of Art. â€Å"The Emperor’s Private Paradise†. Metropolitan Museum of Art. Qian, Zhijian. â€Å"Over the Boundaries†. Zhang Hongtu Homepage. (Qian 2011). ( Qian 2011). (Qian 2011). D’Arcy, David. â€Å"Artist’s Pointed Critique is Barred from Beijing†, Wall Street Journal. (D’Arcy 2008). (Hongtu, Presentation to students of Chinese art history 2011). Ibid. (Hongtu, Zhang Hongtu Homepage 2011) These monkey paintings are visible there. (Hongtu, Presentation to students of Chinese art history 2011). (Hongtu, Presentation to students of Chinese art history 2011). This essay on Chinese art (Zhang Hongth: Studio visit and Artist talk) was written and submitted by user Joey V. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Cerca and Other Related Spanish Words Indicating Closeness

Cerca and Other Related Spanish Words Indicating Closeness The words and phrase cerca, cercano and cerca de are very commonly used in Spanish to indicate proximity or closeness in location, time, number or degree. Most common is cerca de, which is used as a preposition. Common translations include by, near, about and close to: Cerca de 12 millones de personas sern vacunadas contra la fiebre amarilla. About 12 million people will be vaccinated against yellow fever. Hay muchos hoteles cerca de Disney World. There are many hotels by Disney World. Quiero estar cerca de ti siempre. I want to always be close to you. Los activistas dicen que Cataluà ±a est cerca de la abolicià ³n de la tauromaquia. The activists say Catalonia is close to bringing an end to bullfighting. Despliega Colombia 22 batallones cerca del là ­mite con Venezuela. Colombia is deploying 22 battalions near the border with Venezuela. Hay una buena probabilidad de que veamos una estabilizacià ³n de los precios cerca de febrero o marzo, dijo el presidente. Theres a good chance well see a stabilization of prices around February or March, the president said. Cerca by itself functions as an adverb: El fin del mundo est cerca. The end of the world is near. Hay cuatro tranvà ­as que pasan cerca. There are four streetcars that pass nearby. Tan cerca y a la misma vez tan lejos. So close, and yet so far away. El asteroide pasar tan cerca que podremos verlo. The asteroid will pass so close well be able to see it. El triunfo est cerca. Victory is near. The adjective form is cercano: Tenemos una casa cercana al aeropuerto. We have a house near the airport. Descubre tus cinco amigos ms cercanos en Facebook. Find your five closest friends on Facebook. El futuro (aà ºn no cercano) est en la computacià ³n molecular. The future (but not the near future) is in molecular computing. A few related words have other meanings: The verb cercar typically means to surround or to enclose: Los estudiantes cercaron las oficinas. The students surrounded the offices.The noun la cerca typically refers to a fence or wall. El concepto de la cerca electrificada fue descrita por primera vez por Mark Twain. The concept of an electric fence was described for the first time by Mark Twain.The phrase acerca de usually means about in the sense of concerning: Hablaban acerca de nosotros. They were talking about us.

Nursing Precpetor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Nursing Precpetor - Essay Example This definition describes the many roles or functions the preceptor fills, and illustrates how difficult and complex it is to be a preceptor. Furthermore, being a preceptor is especially important since it affects the quality of care given by preceptees (the new nurses or student nurses which are taught and guided by the preceptors) to patients. As highlighted in the analysis of the available literature on the subject, preceptorship is an "essential part of the socialization and professional development of nurses with a new registerable qualification" (OMalley, Cunlitte & Breeze, 2000. It was also found by Davis (2003) that the professional development of nurses, which is incorporated in the preceptorship program, is linked to high quality service provision (as cited in Davidson, Glasper & Donaldson, 2005). Hence, it is obvious that the preceptorship improves the quality of care being given to patients. A preceptor has many responsibilities, which can be divided into two groups- fundamental responsibilities and procedural responsibilities. The ones of the former group are: commitment to the role of the preceptor and desire to teach and share expertise with co-workers. The responsibilities of the latter group, the procedural responsibilities, include: orientation and socialization or the preceptees to the unit, assessment of the developing objectives of the preceptees, being a role model, observing and evaluating the preceptees, giving constructive criticism and supporting, facilitating preceptees development, supervising patient care provided by the preceptees to ensure it is safe and competent nursing, documenting a summary of the preceptees performance and maintaining strict confidentiality of all preceptee-related information (OMalley, Cunlitte & Breeze, 2000, Smith, 2006). The complexity and multiplicity of the preceptors responsibilities were recognized by Cerinus and Ferguson (1994), and were

Management Styles & Decisions IP Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Management Styles & Decisions IP - Research Paper Example The company would like to create an additional layer of management to focus on the global initiatives while lower level management focuses on day to day operations. In making recommendations a consulting firm must address each concern of the company. Any change within an organizational structure requires first identifying and examining what objectives the company would like to achieve and then deciding how best to achieve those objectives. Global expansion efforts that are not successful due to complete thorough and well made plans will cost the company time and money and management effort will be wasted. Risk assessments evaluation should be done on the company’s global expansion and careful market research should be completed by both an inside and outside organization if this is possible. Developing a new company vision to involve a culturally aware mission statement should also include global values and managers who operate in a globally sensitive way. Determining what structure the new organizational type should be will guide the focus of new efforts. A team based structure provides integration and flexibility though it is size limited and can lack role clarity and technical excellence. To compensate for these weaknesses information technology, rewards systems, skills development tools and integrating roles should be focused on (Digeorgio). Employee morale as reported by the company is mixed, with half of the employees eager to move into management positions and the other half being satisfied in their current status. Budget restraints do not allow everyone within the company to be promoted and performances evaluations show not everyone within the company have been performing satisfactorily. Using employee recognition programs could provide incentive to improvement in those employees who will not be offered promotions or upper level management positions. Reward programs create a positive impact on customer focus and

Business and Accounting Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business and Accounting Ethics - Essay Example The main purpose of business ethics is to maintain a code of conduct which reinforces consumer confidence in the business. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) has put down ethical guidelines for accounting. The AICPA's first principle of professional conduct states: "In carrying out their responsibilities as professionals, members should exercise sensitive professional and moral judgments in all their activities." The Golden Rule is this that one should live their life with integrity and bearing a sound moral character. Success cannot be measured by the acquisition of money only. A 1987 survey of corporate executives administered by Touche Ross revealed that two thirds believed that high ethical standards improve a firm's competitive position but felt that "increased concentration on short-term earnings" and "decay in cultural and social institutions" are major threats to business ethics. [1] Ethics must be the cornerstone of every business. This applies to my real estate and loan brokerage businesses aptly. The article stresses on transparency and pursuing good moral values in order to earn long term benefits. Ethics is also essential in building trust and confidence in the public for your business. Real Estate businesses have to do with direct interaction with the customers. Ethics is especially relevant here.

Leadership Qualities That Rely on Five Principle Actions

Leadership Qualities That Rely on Five Principle Actions Akhil Reddy Leburu Abstract This paper explains the leadership principles that are proposed by James Kouzes and Barry Posner. The leadership qualities were described as per the five principles followed: Leaders challenge the process, Leaders inspire a shared vision, Leaders enable others to act, Leaders model the way, Leaders encourage the heart. The ethical behavior and social identity are briefly described. Keywords: Ethical behavior, Social identity Leadership Qualities That Rely on Five Principle Actions The five actionable qualities are main roles that leaders should acquire given by the author. Leaders plays an important role in the company who leads the team and assign the tasks to team members per their skills or department. He/she should take the responsibility of the team members. The influential roles that a leader should obtain are given below. We are going to discuss about the five principles that are required for a leader. In this discussion, Im giving real time examples to describe how each principle can be effected on real world situation. Leadership Challenge the Process Inspiring innovation and leading change call for more than process- they require the adoption of a cultural mindset (as cited in Forbes by Mike Myatt). The leader should challenge the foundation if the vision and core values are shaky. Challenging the promise keeps the leader sustainable and deliverable. For example, if the leader is not able to communicate with team members and not able to complete the product as promised to given time, you may be in the trouble. The leader should challenge himself instead of challenging others. Great leaders challenge all the complex things. The leader must assess the information quality gathered and must be credibility in the process. Leaders Inspire a Shared Vision If they [employees] cant see themselves in the picture, then they cant imagine that its a possibility for them. (as cited in Forbes by Carmine Gallo). The leaders must have a clear and perfect vision before inspiring others. For example, the professional athletics visualize the game before the game starts from beginning to end, they focus on gaining the victory. Invite your team members to explore their ideas or thoughts and opinions to be more than a pay check. Nothing extraordinary ever happened without a leader articulating a vision, a course of action says John F. Kennedy. Leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King and Che Guevara inspire us by being themselves as great speakers who were followed by the public opinion and share their vision to the world. Leaders Enable Others to Act Leaders who Enable Others to Act spread their influence far beyond their physical sphere (says Jody R. Rogers). The leader cannot survive without his/her teammates or colleagues. The leader need to take an advantage of opportunities of team to decode their challenges. Leader should take a responsibility of sharing each other ideas or thoughts to implement new products. The leader should have skills or knowledge on what the team are discussing about and meet their expectations. For example, if a team has a different thought that solves the current problem, the leader doesnt take a chance of referring the problem with the team, the leader may lose the opportunity to get a perfect solution. Leaders Model the Way Leaders live and act by their values. They have clarity in what they believe, and they align their actions with their values. Leaders must set an example by setting the actions with shared values. For example, a car dealer who dominates his market. He is not only the one, the next four car dealers combine and equal up the market where he competes. The leaders must lead a path to next generation by giving a motivation. He/She must be excepting the ideas and thoughts of the team. Leaders Encourage the Heart Leaders give heart by visibly recognizing peoples contributions to the common vision (by Kouzes Posner, 2012). The leader must recognize contributions by giving respect for individual excellence. Leaders follow their heart and encourage the thoughts and get them into the world. They should take the responsibility of the team and give them the requirements and space needed. Conclusion I conclude that the five principles that are proposed by James Kouzes and Barry Posner plays an important role in the leadership challenge process. The leaders must follow the principles that are mentioned in the discussion. I have given a brief description of each and every principle in the paper. References http://www.forbes.com/sites/mikemyatt/2013/03/07/10-things-every-leader-should-challenge/#207cd262450b http://www.forbes.com/sites/carminegallo/2011/07/06/the-7-secrets-of-inspiring-leaders/#77c61e923195 http://www.leadershipchallenge.com/resource/enabling-others-to-act-inspiring-commitment-.aspx Kouzes, James, and Posner, Barry, (2008). The Student Leadership Challenge. San Francisco: Jossey Bass. http://www.tsaweb.org/sites/default/files/u1/Model%20the%20Way%20Lesson.pdf Kouzes, J.M., Posner, B.Z. (2012). The Leadership Challenge, (5th ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass. https://prezi.com/devk6jm5ysff/leadership-challenge-encouraging-the-heart-final/

Varicella â€Zoster Virus Essay -- Health, Diseases, Chickenpox

Varicella –Zoster Virus (VZV) is a ubiquitous, double standard DNA virus that belongs to the herpes virus group. Like other herpes viruses, VZV may persist in the body after primary infection .VZV is a virus exists across the globe having a high prevalence in temperate climates. It also has a high prevalence in seasons of late winter and early spring. The primary infection results in Varicella (chicken pox) whereas recurrent infection causes herpes zoster (shingles). The virus is approximately 150 to 200 nanometer in size, is the smallest of the known viruses causing herpes and lacks genes for several proteins found in HSV, which is the prototype of the alpha herpes viruses, such as glycoprotein D (Mandell et al., 2009). The virus has a high sensitivity to temperature and becomes inactivated at approximately 56-60 degrees Celsius (Arvin, 1996). If it is was exposed to such a high temperature the viral envelope would be disrupted making the virus not infectious. Varicella zoste r virus produces six or more glycoproteins, such as gB (gpII), gC (gpIV), gE (gpI), gH(gpIII), and gL, which are also expressed on the cell membranes during viral replication (Arvin, 1996). The gE protein is produced abundantly in VZV. The gB protein is the target of neutralizing antibodies and may play a role in virus entry. The gH protein appears to have fusion function, facilitating cell –to-cell spread of the virus. The prevention of the spread of VZV is difficult because contagious persons can go 1 – 2 days without signs and symptoms (Arvin, 1996). VZV is transmitted by respiratory droplets or direct contact with rash lesions, and patients are usually contagious from a few days before rash onset until the rash has crusted over. VZV enters the body throu... ...l VZV infection (chickenpox) can contract chickenpox from someone with recurrent infection (shingles). In such cases, transmission occurs during exposure when the rash is in the blister-phase, not through sneezing or coughing. Treatments that are available consist of antiviral therapy such as acyclovir, famciclovir and valacyclovir (Stoppler, 2011). These antivirals help the severity of varicella and herpes zoster. An important vaccine that is available for people over the age of 60 is called Zostavax. Zostavax is available in the market which can reduce the risk of shingles (Stoppler, 2011). It is a live vaccine that boosts the immune system, provides protections against the virus and it complications. It has shown to reduce the risk of shingles by half in older individuals and also reduces the severity and length of disease in those who still develop shingles.

E-Learning website for Multimedia

People nowadays, access the Internet or online services to acquire different and useful information. Most of them are people that want to get knowledge that are easy to learn and understand. It is very common now in our society that many people use the computer for their research purposes and to gather such information by simply surfing through the internet. One of the things that gives information and many people can acquire knowledge is the E-learning systems. E-learning system is web-based learning or known as the online training and eachings that are more simple and easy to learn.E-learning services, it enables developing of skills and knowledge by means of different web-applications and process in a particular course of teaching. Many people uses the internet to watch and to search for different tutorials that can we access to many different online services. Multimedia Arts involves the digital designing of visual elements, such as editing images, videos, audios, etc. It becomes richer and deeper because visual and narrative art are expressed in digital media.Therefore, E-learning system for Multimedia arts can give interest and opportunities by means of accessing this web-based training. There is variety of equipment on this online education that gives the important teachings that the users need to learn. General Problem How to create an E-Learning system for Multimedia Arts that enables to acquire skills and knowledge that is more simple and easy to learn. Specific Problem How to design the interface of the system? How to design the layout of the system? How to maintain the security of the website?

Classic Poems About, Addressed to, or Inspired by Birds

Classic Poems About, Addressed to, or Inspired by Birds Birds wild and domestic are quite naturally interesting to humans, earthbound creatures that we are, and for poets in particular, the world of birds and its endless variety of colors, shapes, sizes, sounds and motions has long been an immensely rich source of inspiration, symbol and metaphor. Because they fly, they carry associations of freedom and spirit on their wings. Because they communicate in songs that are alien to human language and yet musically evocative of human feelings, we attribute character and story to them. They are distinctly different from us, and yet we see ourselves in them and use them to consider our own place in the universe. Here’s our collection of classic bird poems in English: Samuel Taylor Coleridge,â€Å"The Nightingale† (1798)John Keats,â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale† (1820)Percy Bysshe Shelley,â€Å"To a Skylark† (1820)Edgar Allan Poe,â€Å"The Raven† (1845)Alfred, Lord Tennyson,â€Å"The Eagle: A Fragment† (1851)Elizabeth Barrett Browning,â€Å"Paraphrase on Anacreon: Ode to the Swallow† (1862)William Blake,â€Å"The Birds† (1863)Christina Rossetti,â€Å"A Bird’s-Eye View† (1866)Christina Rossetti,â€Å"On the Wing† (1866)Walt Whitman,â€Å"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking† (1867)Walt Whitman,â€Å"The Dalliance of the Eagles† (1881)Emily Dickinson,â€Å"‘Hope’ is the thing with feathers - † (#254)Emily Dickinson,â€Å"High from the earth I heard a bird;† (#1723)Paul Laurence Dunbar,â€Å"Sympathy† (1899)Gerard Manley Hopkins,â€Å"The Windhover† (1918)Gerard Manley Hopkins,â€Å"The Woodlark† (1918)Wallace Stevens,â€Å" Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird† (1918)Thomas Hardy,â€Å"The Darkling Thrush† (1902)Robert Frost,â€Å"The Oven Bird† (1920)Robert Frost,â€Å"The Exposed Nest† (1920)William Carlos Williams,â€Å"The Birds† (1921)D.H. Lawrence,â€Å"Turkey-Cock† (1923) D.H. Lawrence,â€Å"Humming-Bird† (1923)William Butler Yeats,â€Å"Leda and the Swan† (1928) Notes on the Collection There is a bird at the heart of Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s â€Å"The Rime of the Ancient Mariner†- the albatross- but we have chosen to begin our anthology with two Romantic poems inspired by the song of the common nightingale. Coleridge’s â€Å"The Nightingale† is a â€Å"conversation poem† in which the poet cautions his friends against the all-too-human tendency to impute our own feelings and moods onto the natural world, hearing the nightingale’s song as a sad song because the listener is melancholy. On the contrary, Coleridge exclaims, â€Å"Nature’s sweet voices, [are] always full of love / And joyance!† John Keats was inspired by the same species of bird in his â€Å"Ode to a Nightingale†- the little bird’s ecstatic song prompts the melancholy Keats to wish for wine, then to fly with the bird on â€Å"the viewless wings of Poesy,† then to consider his own death: â€Å"Now more than ever seems it rich to die,To cease upon the midnight with no pain,While thou art pouring forth thy soul abroadIn such an ecstasy!† The third of the British Romantic contributors to our collection, Percy Bysshe Shelley, was also taken with the beauty of a small bird’s song- in his case, a skylark- and also found himself contemplating the parallels between bird and poet:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Hail to thee, blithe Spirit!. . . .Like a Poet hiddenIn the light of thought,Singing hymns unbidden,Till the world is wroughtTo sympathy with hopes and fears it heeded not...† A century later, Gerard Manley Hopkins celebrated the song of another little bird, the woodlark, in a poem that conveys the â€Å"sweet- sweet- joy† of God-created nature: â€Å"Teevo cheevo cheevio chee:O where, what can that be?Weedio-weedio: there again!So tiny a trickle of sà ³ng-strain...† Walt Whitman also drew inspiration from his precisely described experience of the natural world- in this, he is like the British Romantic poets, despite all the differences between his poetry and theirs- and he, too, attributed the awakening of his poetic soul to his hearing of a mockingbird’s call, in â€Å"Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking†: â€Å"Demon or bird! (said the boy’s soul,)Is it indeed toward your mate you sing? or is it really to me?For I, that was a child, my tongue’s use sleeping, now I have heard you,Now in a moment I know what I am for, I awake,And already a thousand singers, a thousand songs, clearer, louder and more sorrowful than yours,A thousand warbling echoes have started to life within me, never to die.† Edgar Allan Poe’s â€Å"Raven† is not a muse or a poet but a mysterious oracle, a dark and spooky icon. Emily Dickinson’s bird is the embodiment of the steadfast virtues of hope and faith, while Thomas Hardy’s thrush lights a tiny spark of hope in a dark time. Paul Laurence Dunbar’s caged bird epitomizes the soul’s cry for freedom, and Gerard Manley Hopkins’ windhover is ecstasy in flight. Wallace Stevens’ blackbird is a metaphysical prism, viewed thirteen ways, while Robert Frost’s exposed nest is the occasion for a parable of good intentions never completed. D.H. Lawrence’s turkey-cock is an emblem of the New World, both gorgeous and repulsive, and William Butler Yeats’ swan is the ruling god of the Old World, the classical myth poured into a 20th century sonnet.

Assessing Risk In Social Work Social Work Essay Essay Example

Assessing Risk In Social Work Social Work Essay Essay Example Assessing Risk In Social Work Social Work Essay Essay Assessing Risk In Social Work Social Work Essay Essay Hazard can be described as a hazard, or a chance/likelihood of a loss or a peculiar event to happen ( Collins, 2012 ) , which can look as a great uncertainness in relation to societal work when step ining in people s lives. Over the old ages this has been more formalistic by statistical chance and structured appraisal tools to steer professionals. Hazard across the continuum of societal work can be placed into two general classs, those hazards that people pose to themselves or others and those hazards which people are exposed to ( Kemshall, 2007 ) . Hazard taking and direction demands to be balanced between the uncertainness of unneeded injury and dangers that worker and service user may be exposed to. The right to protection and the right to take hazards necessitate to be exhaustively addressed and considered, this in its ain right will foreground many ethical quandary. Intervention must be justified ; on the other manus society has a responsibility to guarantee kids are non expose d to opprobrious state of affairss. Pull offing hazard should be an chance to besides seek or increase positive results, non merely to avoid danger but to cut down the odds against it ( Calder, 2008 Care Council of Wales, 2002, 4, Corby, 2001 ) . There appears to be no definite account of hazard or hazard appraisal in societal work and whether it refers to merely negative or harmful results, the balance of good against bad results or whether it even includes the possibility of positive events ( Calder, 2008 ) . Hazard appears to go around around the construct of danger and possible injury and is non merely related to service users but professional and organizational pattern. Measuring hazard requires intervention in household life and the professional demands to be painstaking of how this is managed in respects to how they engage with service users ( Calder, 2008, CCW, 2002, 1-3 ) . The two chief principals of the Children Act, 1989 are to protect kids from important injury and to guarantee and advance their long term public assistance. The Children Act 1989 introduced the construct of important injury as a threshold for statutory organic structures to step in in household life, advancing the best involvements of the kid. Local Governments have a responsibility to guarantee that kids and immature people are protected from important injury and to safeguard and advance the public assistance of the kid that may necessitate aid and back up beyond that of normal mainstream services ( Scie, 2005 ) . Measuring and safeguarding kids from important injury is a major function in societal work but it can be hard to measure hazard to a high grade of truth as factors are mostly cumulative and research has shown that it can be hard to expect long term results ( Calder, 2008, Scie, 2005 ) . Risk is besides dependent on the state of affairs ; one definition does non suit all ( Scie, 2005, p21 ) . Corby, ( 1996 ) suggested that there are three facets to put on the line appraisal in kid protection. These are preventive, fact-finding and continuance hazard appraisal ( Coulshed A ; Orme, 2006, Kenshall A ; Pritchard, 2001 ) . Preventive hazard appraisal is considered before any engagement by bureaus takes topographic point and may act upon the determination whether to step in or non. Preventive hazard appraisal is based on declarative factors which inform opinions ( grounds based pattern ) ( Coulshed A ; Orme, 2006, Webb, 2006 ) . Early work by Browne A ; Saqi ( 1998 ) cited in Kenshall A ; Pritchard ( 2001 ) gave indexs of prognostic factors, for illustration: history of household force, history of mental unwellness, drug or intoxicant maltreatment, parent abused or neglected as a kid and research on these affairs will be used assess the likely cause or result or act upon the manner in which the professional intervenes. A unfavorable judgment of this manner of working is th at it can take away from the professional liberty in determination devising. Social workers should be cognizant and inform themselves of available grounds as good pattern but should be able balance this in each single state of affairs ( Coulshed A ; Orme, 2006, Kenshall A ; Pritchard, 2001 ) . This manner of pattern can foreground ethical issues for the worker by agencies of know aparting people because of past events or by factors that are out of their control, the danger is that non-abusers could be identified as maltreaters. Social workers may besides step in when there is no grounds of maltreatment which can be seen as intrusive and demonstrates the importance of equilibrating rights and duties ( Coulshed A ; Orme, 2006 CCW, 2002, Webb, 2006 ) . Fact-finding hazard appraisal can besides be known as an initial appraisal and is normally brought to the attending of societal services sections by person who has expressed concerns, this possibly another professional or a member of the populace. These are normally dealt by working collaboratively with other bureaus in peculiar to child protection and will about ever involve the Police, G.P/Health Visitor and instruction. The societal worker will be required to utilize the Framework for Assessment which provides a systematic manner of recording and analyzing information about the kid and its household. The worker would besides mention to the All Wales Child Protection Procedures ( WAG, 2008 ) when there are concerns sing kid protection. Troubles can originate when working in a multi-agency partnership as each bureau may hold their ain docket or outlooks of results. This can be apparent when working in instances where domestic force is present and the designation of the hazard that t he kids are perchance being exposed to being emotional and physical injury. The Police may be of the sentiment that the kids should be removed from the state of affairs instantly but the societal worker may experience that it is better to work with the female parent and perchance the father/partner in deciding the issues but besides guaranting the safety of all concerned. This may be done as a kid in demand or child protection depending on the badness of the maltreatment. Again this demonstrates the complex undertaking by societal workers of equilibrating the hazard against the rights of those involved. Social workers have the responsibility to see the rights of those involved for illustration the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child ( UNCRC, 1989 ) Article 19, provinces that a kid has the right to protection from maltreatment and disregard. Besides Article 8 of The Human Rights Act 1998 states the right to esteem for household life ( Coulshed A ; Orme, 2006, Cree A ; Wallace, 2005 ) . Continuance hazard appraisal may be considered during long term intercessions whereby for illustration a kid possibly returning to the attention of their parents after a period of separation due to put on the line concerns. Where identifiable hazard has been discovered appraisals need to be made at regular intervals with the focal point being on hazard decrease instead than hazard riddance ( Corby, 1996, Coulshed A ; Orme, 2006 ) . Continuation hazard appraisal is about equilibrating the hazards of intercession against non-intervention. Evaluation of the original concerns need to be considered and alterations that have occurred acknowledged. The societal worker will so hold to measure whether the alterations made have had a positive or negative influence on the state of affairs or made no difference at all ( Coulshed A ; Orme, 2006 ) . In measuring hazard societal workers need to see how power and cognition can act upon determinations that are made. Professionals have the power to take action to protect others, have the entree and cognition of resources on offer and the cognition of theories which may construe behavior and label persons. Using these to label or pigeonhole an person is in itself an maltreatment of power ( Coulshed A ; Orme, 2006 ) . Today policy promotes the demand for practicians to be sensitive and informed of the diverseness of people s background, taking into consideration their race, civilization and beliefs. A holistic appraisal of a household should include this as criterion and it is of import to recognize the different attacks and life styles and this should reflect the types of intercession that can be provided for multi-cultural communities ( Coulshed A ; Orme, 2006, CCW, 2002 1.6, Milner A ; OBryne, 2009, ) .

The Effects of the Vietnam War on American Soldiers Essay

The Effects of the Vietnam War on American Soldiers - Essay Example The South Vietnamese forces along with the United State depended on the air force and fire power with which they conducted search and destroy operations. "The Vietnam War, like the other two world wars before it, was a conflict that defined war for a generation. Unlike those previous wars, it was not fought on a broad international battlefield but rather in a narrow stretch of land far distant from America. Moreover as our study shows, it left not a single overwhelming image, but conflicting visions and meanings over which we continue to fight, though less stridently than at the height of that bitterly divisive conflict" (Wouters and Laufer 316). The United States entered the war to avoid the takeover of South Vietnam by the communist. The strategy behind this support was called containment. U.S. Military advisors arrived in 1950. In the early 1960s the U.S. involvement grew and the early 1965 they deployed combat units. The involvement of the U.S. was the highest in 1968 during the Tet Offensive. Later U.S. forces withdrew under a policy called Vietnamization, as South Vietnamese troops were armed and trained. The fighting in Vietnam continued even after a peace treaty was signed by all parties involved in January 1973. The U.S. Congress passed the Case-Church Amendment in June 1973, responding to the anti-war movement. The Case-Church Amendment banned U.S. Military intervention. North Vietnam captured Saigon in April 1975. In 1976, North Vietnam and South Vietnam were reunified. The Vietnam War had a huge impact on the culture, foreign relations and politics of the United States. The American citizens were very upset over the government's justification for the war and the means of fighting used. The war encountered a large human cost, which included the loss of 58,159 U.S. soldiers. The Vietnam War did not only result in the loss of life of American soldiers. The war had lasting effects on the soldiers who were in Vietnam. The soldiers not only suffered physical pain and injuries, they also suffered many psychological disorders. The fact that their own country men had turned against them affected the soldiers psychologically and emotionally. "Going to war creates a gulf between the warrior and his fellow citizens who have not directly experienced warfare" (Wouter and Laufer 40). The effects on the psychic of the soldiers were devastating up to the extent that they also stared committing suicide due to depression. The soldiers also faced problems which had lasting effects, these included drug addiction and the effects of Agent Orange on the soldiers and their children. "With the Vietnam war came widespread drug use, anti-military activism, racial tensions and increasing crime, all of which debilitated the training and readiness of the U.S. forces" (Baker 64) . Soldiers faced extreme conditions like hunger, fatigue, diseases and the like. Due to the intense conditions the soldiers faced in Vietnam, war memories were not forgotten easily. This resulted in a psychological disorder called delayed stress syndrome, which is described as extreme stress or even disorder of the brain caused by shocking memories of the past. Studies show that almost 15 per cent of the 3.3 million Americans who were a part of the Vietnam War were diagnosed with delayed stress sy

Contemporary Middle East Discussion Questions (1 source each, approx Essay

Contemporary Middle East Discussion Questions (1 source each, approx 125 words) - Essay Example This is well seen in the case of Egypt and Persia in which case the effects of these forces continue to play. Many people were always skeptical to the idea of giving away their resources as a way of creating much interconnection with the state (Finkel, 2006). 2) The Wahhabi Muslim fundamentalists believed that Muslims should return to the very fundamental Islamic ways as outlined in the Quran and the Hadith. Much of their beliefs were informed by the teachings of medieval theologians like Taymiyyah. They believed in the Islamic doctrine of Tawhid in which the unity and uniqueness of God were greatly revered (Philby, 2004). More importantly, these Muslim fundamentals believed that philosophical interpretations of the Quran and the Hadith could mislead the people. As such they totally opposed such interpretations. On the other hand, Muslim modernists like Malkom Khan were pushing for the reconciliation of the Islamic faith with such modern values like democracy, nationalism, equality a nd progress. In this case, the critical evaluation of issues in the context of jurisprudence was greatly cherished. Indeed, these beliefs have considerable impact in the Middle East to this day. 3) The Osmanlilik reform movement was developed during the first constitutional era in the Ottoman Empire. ... In this regard, aspects of head tax, conscription, and military service were applied to everyone in equal measure. Citizenship of the empire was therefore a common affair irrespective of any orientation or affiliation. It should however be realized that Osmanlilik was greatly rejected by many Muslims and non-Muslims alike. Many of the adherents of Osmanlilik were lost during the first Balkan War and this led to its eventual failure. 4) The Young Turks Revolution of 1908 was driven by a group of likeminded Turkish nationalists, pluralists and a group of other secularists who totally blamed the Sultan for the harried state of the Empire at the time. The Sultan had suspended the parliament and this was restored effectively by the revolution. It was however realized that the process of replacing monarchic institutions with constitutional ones was not easy as had been initially presumed. The unity of the young Turks and the wide support they enjoyed across the land and beyond was indeed i nstrumental in their successful deposition of the Sultan in 1909. In a way, the Young Turks basically stood for change as opposed to the state of affairs realized at the time. Their goals were therefore different from those of the Osmanlilik (Ruggiero, 2003). 5) The general area of the Middle East greatly attracted much of Europe leading to the European domination of the region and the subsequent influence. Politically, the United Kingdom began this influence by taking over the government of Cyprus which was a protectorate of the Ottoman Empire. This was basically as a result of the Cyprus Convention. In this regard, the British greatly influenced the political, social and economic life of this region. In the same way as Syria became part of the French protectorate, it was